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Prevalence of Caprine Subclinical Mastitis in Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Characterization of Associated Bacterial Agents and the Risk Factors

Khandkar Muhammad Alimul Razi
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Bahanur Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Gerardo H. Flores-Gutiérrez
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia “Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata”. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Tamaulipas, México

Md. Tanvir Rahman*
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis in Mymensingh area was assessed by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples were also analyzed for the isolation and identification of bacterial agents that might be associated with caprine subclinical mastitis including their antibiotic sensitivity pattern against commonly used antibiotics. In addition, the influence of certain risk factors such as age of animal, parity, length of lactation period, type of farming system and type of housing floor, on the prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis was also evaluated. Milk samples were collected from 59 goats (113 udder halves). The overall prevalence of caprine subclinical mastitis as determined by CMT was 18.64%. On an udder half basis the prevalence was 15.04%. Certain risk factors associated with caprine subclinical mastitis were identified. The prevalence was higher in older animals, with greater parity and longer lactation period. The prevalence was also higher in farms where goats were raised under traditional farming system with earthen floors. The predominant bacterial species isolated from milk that were collected from the subclinical mastitis positive cases were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, that showed various degrees of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the study.

Keywords: Subclinical mastitis, Caprine, Prevalence, Bacteria, Risk factors

Location: Goat and Sheep Breeding Farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), and local farm around the BAU campus, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-08-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in goat in Mymensingh and to identify and characterize the associated bacterial agents and the risk factors.

Methodology:

Study area: The present research work was carried out on Local and Crossbreed lactating goats from Goat and Sheep Breeding Farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), and local farm around the BAU campus, Mymensingh during the period of August 2010 to April 2011. Collection of data and the milk samples: A total of 113 udder halves milk samples were collected from 59 animals. No milk was available in other 5 udder halves. Milk samples were collected by soaking the teat with Povidone Iodine and drying off by disposable tissue paper. Initially, one to two drops of milk was discarded and then 5 ml of milk was taken from each udder halves into sterilized test tubes with rubber cap. Each sample was labeled with an identification number. Data were also collected on age and parity of animals such as - how many times the animal gave birth to offspring, length of lactation period, type of farming system and type of floor in the farm (Table 2). Determination of subclinical mastitis: Subclinical mastitis was determined by CMT using a CMT kit (Leucocytest®, Synbiotics Corporation-2, Alexander Fleming -69007 Lyon, France) according to the instruction of the manufacturers. The CMT reagent reacts with DNA of epithelial and inflammatory cells present in the milk. CMT results were read immediately and were scored for each teat depending on the amount and thickness of gel formed. In this study, CMT scores of ‘0’ and ‘trace’ were considered as negative or normal while CMT scores of 1+ (weak positive), 2+ (distinct positive) and 3+ (strong positive) were taken as indicators of subclinical mastitis. Isolation and identification of bacterial agents: Isolation of bacterial agents from the milk samples were carried out by culturing the milk samples on blood agar, McConkey agar, eosin methylene blue agar and nutrient agar plates. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37⁰C under aerobic condition for 24-48 hours. Identification of the bacterial agents from the pure culture were carried out based on their colony characteristics, Gram staining reaction, hemolysis pattern and biochemical test as described by Merchant and Packer (1967) and Cheesbrough (1985). Antimicrobials sensitivity tests: Among the isolated bacterial agents, five isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and B. subtilis were selected randomly for the antibiogram study. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the selected bacterial isolates was performed by Disc Diffusion test according to the method described by Bauer et al. (1966). This method allowed the rapid determination of in vitro efficacy of an antibiotic by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition, which results from diffusion of the agent into the medium surrounding the disc. Ten commercially available antibacterial agents (Oxoid Ltd., UK) were selected for the purpose. The name of these antibacterial agents, their concentration per disc and the diameter of zone of inhibition that was used to interpret the data.

Source of Information: Microbes and Health, June 2012, 1(1): 1-5 ISSN: 2226-0153 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in goats in Mymensingh area of Bangladesh was 18.64%. S. aureus was the most common bacterial species associated with subclinical mastitis in goats in this vicinity. Certain risk factors as well as some protective factors associated with subclinical mastitis were identified. Age of the animal, parity, length of lactation period and housing system influenced the prevalence of subclinical mastitis status in goat population studied. Present findings suggest that application of broad spectrum antibiotic could be an effective way to control the disease along with some modifications in the farm management system.

Knowledge Management: Journal