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Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Bovine at Greater Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

Md. Ariful Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Laboni Akter
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Mst. Minara Khatun
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Ariful Islam*
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and animals caused by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Brucella. The study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo in greater Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from cattle (n=150) and buffalo (n=60). Sera were tested for Brucella specific antibody by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Overall prevalence of brucellosis was 15.33% in cattle and 13.33% in buffalo. Higher prevalence was recorded in cattle and buffalo of over 4 years age (18% and 15.68%, respectively). Female animals showed higher brucellosis prevalence (cattle 19.54%, buffalo 13.46%) than male ( cattle 8.21%, buffalo 12.5%). Pregnant cows showed higher prevalence of brucellosis (13.33%) as compare to non pregnant cows (10%). The prevalence of brucellosis was 10% in aborted cows, 4% in the case of retained placenta and 2.85% in repeat breeder cows. The study suggests that brucellosis is prevalent in the cattle and buffalo and its prevalence is affected by the animal’s age, sex, pregnancy status and reproductive disorders.

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Brucellosis, Brucella, Cattle, Buffalo, Risk factor

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffalo in Mymensingh, Tangail and Sherpur districts and its associated risk factors. Isolation of the Brucella spp. from the seropositive and aborted animals was also attempted.

Methodology:

The study was conducted for a period of 10 months (July 2011 to May 2012) at the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Sample collection: Venous blood samples were aseptically collected from cattle (n=150) and buffalo (n=60) at breeding farm, Tangail, BAU dairy farm, Char Nillukia, Mymensingh sadar and Char Basur Algi, Nokla, Sherpur. Fetal stomach contents, fetal spleens, lymph nodes and lungs were aseptically collected from three aborted cows. Serological test: Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) was used to to detect B. abortus specific antibody in the serum samples. The antigen (B. abortus strain 119-3) was obtained from the laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. The test was performed according to the standard procedures of OIE (2008). The test and control sera were homogenized using a vortex and 10 µl of each serum was placed on a glass plate marked with circles of approximately 2 cm in diameter. After gently shaking the antigen vial 10 µl of antigen was placed beside the serum drop. The antigen and serum were mixed on the plate for exactly 4 min. Definite clumping/ agglutination was considered as a positive reaction, while no clumping/agglutination was the indication of negative reaction. Bacteriological study: Blood samples of seropositive cattle (n=23) and buffalo (n=8) and specimens of fetal stomach contents, spleens, lymph nodes and lungs collected from three aborted animals were cultured on blood agar and brucella agar media for isolation of Brucella spp. The tissue samples were processed according to the procedures described by Alton et al. (1975). Blood samples were processed by the lysis concentration method (Kolman et al., 1991) with some modifications. Briefly, 100 µl blood sample was mixed with 900 µl distilled water in an Eppondorf tube. Hemolysed blood samples were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C temperature. Supernatant was inoculated duplicate in blood agar and brucella agar media plates and incubated at 37°C for 5 days under 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Fetal lymph nodes, lungs, spleens were also processed similarly after grinding in a morter with pestle. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed for statistical significance by Chi-square test (SPSS 11.5, UK). A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Source of Information: Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 12-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of this study, suggested that brucellosis is endemic in cattle and buffalo in the study areas. However, more surveys are required across the country in order to formulate a policy for prevention and control of brucellosis in livestock and human population.

Knowledge Management: Journal