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Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Pigeons in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Sahadat Hosain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Ariful Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Mst. Minara Khatun*
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Rubel Kanti Dey
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in apparently healthy pigeons at the live bird markets, farms and villages in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Cloacal swabs (n = 36), foot pads (n = 36) and feces (n = 40) of pigeons were collected aseptically and inoculated onto various culture media for isolation of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella from culture positive samples was performed by cultural characteristics, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. The prevalence of Salmonella in cloacal swabs, foot pads and feces was 22.22%, 58.33% and 27.50%, respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in pigeons was 35.71%. Pigeons at live bird markets, farms and villages showed a 40.48%, 20% and 30% prevalence of Salmonella, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity tests of the Salmonella was performed by the disc diffusion method against 10 randomly used antibiotics. The highest rate of resistance was found with amoxicillin (90%) followed by ampicillin (80%), erythromycin (80%) and tetracycline (60%). The highest rate of sensitivity was recorded to ciprofloxacin (80%) followed by sulphamethoxazole (70%), chloramphenicol (60%), kanamycin (60%), gentamicin (60%) and nalidixic acid (60%). Data from this study suggest that pigeons carry multi-drug resistant Salmonella which can be transferred to humans through direct contact or the food chain and could cause a potential public health hazard.

Keywords: Salmonella, Pigeons, Prevalence, Antibiotic sensitivity

Location:

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The objectives of the present research work were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella with their antibiotic sensitivity profiles in the apparently healthy pigeons in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the period from January 2012 to May 2012. Sources of samples: A total of 112 samples, comprised of cloacal swabs (n = 36), foot pads (n = 36) and feces (n = 40) were collected aseptically from apparently healthy pigeons at the live bird markets, farms and villages in and around BAU Campus, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Samples were transported to the laboratory at 4°C. Isolation of Salmonella: Samples were enriched in selenite broth by overnight incubation at 37°C. A loopful of enrichment culture was streaked onto selective media for Salmonella such as Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar and brilliant green agar (BGA) media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hr. Identification of Salmonella: Identification of Salmonella in pure culture was performed by observing colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests such as: sugar fermentation test, indole test, methyl red (MR) and Voges Proskauer (VP) tests (Cheesbrough, 1985). Antibiotic sensitivity assay: Antibiotic sensitivity was tested using 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard inoculum and freshly prepared, dried Mueller Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) against 10 common antibiotics: erythromycin (15 µg/disc), ampicillin (10 µg/disc), amoxycillin (10 µg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 µg/disc), ciprofloxacin (5 µg/disc), tetracycline (30 µg/disc), kanamycin (30 µg/disc), gentamicin (10 µg/disc), sulphamethoxazole (25 µg/disc) and nalidixic acid (30 µg/disc) (Oxoid, UK). Three Salmonella isolates of cloacal swabs, 4 Salmonella isolates of foot pads and 3 Salmonella isolates of feces were selected randomly for the test. Disc diffusion or Kirby-Bauer method (Bauer et al., 1966) was used to test the sensitivity patterns. The results were expressed as resistant, intermediate or sensitive according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2007)

Source of Information: Microbes and Health, December 2012, 1(2): 54-57

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study suggests that pigeons are a carrier of Salmonella spp which might constitute a public health hazard if proper hygienic and sanitary measures are not undertaken during rearing on farms, selling at live bird markets and during meat processing. Data of this study also indicated that pigeons harbor multidrug resistant Salmonella which might be alarming as this resistance may gain access to man and animals resulting in difficulties in treatment of bacterial diseases, particularly salmonellosis.

Knowledge Management: Journal