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Natural Durability and Treatability of Ten Village Tree Species.

K. Akhter
Junior Research Officer
Wood Preservative Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. Younus-Uzzaman
Senior Research Assistant
Wood Preservative Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

S. R. Das Gupta
Divisional Officer Incharge
Wood Preservative Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

B. C. De
Senior Research Assistant
Wood Preservative Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This paper presents information on natural durability and treatability of heartwood of some village species along with certain anatomical concepts associated with preservative penetrability of the wood. To combat the hazards involved during treatment, reference is made to the application of preservative treatment of the species by the conventional pressure method of impregnation.Depending upon the heartwood durability and the treatability the species were classified into four groups which can help the wood users to adopt unconventional timbers.

Keywords: Natural durability and treatability, Heartwood, Anatomical concepts, Preservative penetrability, Impregnation.

Location: Wood Preservation Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong.

Start Date: 01-07-1989

End Date: 30-06-1990

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Tree

Objectives:

To determine the treatability and natural durability of heartwood of ten village mango (Mangefera indica), raintree (Samania saman), painya mandar (Erithrina ovalifolia), mandar (Erithrina orientalia), ghoraneem (Melia azadirach), neem (Azadiracta indica), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), babla (Acacia nylotica), jack fruit kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and tentul (Tamarindus indica) species and to classify them into different treatability and natural durability groups.

Methodology:

Ten commonly grown village tree species were procured locally. They were identified by the relevant expert. Ten test samples for natural durability and 25 samples for treatability were made from the heartwood of each species. The timbers were kiln dried to EMC condition before conversion into test samples. The sizes of samples were 2.5 cm ´ 5 cm ´ 50 cm for natural durability and 10 cm ´ 10 cm ´ 20 cm for treatability study. The samples were collected as far as practicable from heartwood. They were free from knots, cracks, stain, decay and insect holes or other defects.The stake samples were buried to their half length in the ground at the laboratory stake yard for studying the natural durability. The stakes were inspected at least four times in a year to assess their natural durability against termite and insect attack. The average life of the species was determined by the time when half the specimens of a particular species were attacked by decay fungi or insects but not fully destroyed (Findlay and Latif at el, 1989).The samples were subjected to treatment with the following treating schedule employing the Lowry empty cell process for study the treatability. Both oil-borne and water-borne preservatives were used. Five charges were run with each preservative. Each charge contained 50 samples having 5 samples for each species.

Treating schedule:

Temperature : 82⁰ C for creosote and light diesel oil mixture, and room temperature for copper chrome boron (CCB) compound.

Pressure : 10 kg/sq cm.

Treating period : 120 minutes

Preservative : a) Creosote and light oil mixture (50:50)

b) 10% CCB (2:2:1) solution in water.

The above treating schedule was followed according to the Indian Standard code of practice for preservation of timber (Anon, 1961) with minor modification of pressure, which was selected at 10 kg/cm².After the treatment, the treated samples were cut cross-wise and length-wise to measure the side (longitudinal-radial) and end (longitudinal) penetration. The extent of penetration of preservative inside the timber was measured by chemical test (Anon, 1986). All measurements were made immediately after the application of the chemical indicator which gave calorific reactions with the preservative (CCB). In case of the oil-borne preservative the color itself was enough to measure the penetration. Penetration was measured to the nearest centimeter for each stakes of the individual species and were averaged. Longitudinal penetration was determined on radial surfaces and did not consider occasional streaks of penetration.Some anatomical feature as like grain direction and presence of tyloses, and specific gravity of the species are also included together with penetration of preservative to get an idea about the relationship between the treatability and those feature of the wood.

Source of Information: Bulletin-4, Wood Preservation Series, Bangladesh Forest Rerearch Institute, Chittagong.1992

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was concluded from the study that the natural durability depends on the specific gravity of the timber. The higher the specific gravity the higher is the durability. Neem and babla are highly durable and are suitable for exterior use for a longer time. The species like mango, mander, paniya mander are poor in natural durability.The treatability of the timber does not depend on the specific gravity of the species primarily. It depends on the presence of tyloses in the vessels and gummy deposits in the pores. Mango, mander and painya mander are free from tyloses and gummy deposits and are highly treatable. Due to presence of gummy deposits and tyloses, ghora neem, neem and sissoo are very hard to treat. In babla brown deposits in ray cells, obstructs the flow of penetration it is refractory to treatment.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings