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Prevalence of Canine Parvovirus Infection in Street Dogs in Mymensingh Municipality Area, Bangladesh

Md. Rafiqul Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Md. Siddiqur Rahman
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Md. Jasim Uddin
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Md. Abu Sayed Sarker
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Layla Akter
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Emtiaj Alam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Md. Aminul Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious infectious disease of dog characterized by severe gastroenteritis but so far there is no first-hand data on CPV reported in Bangladesh. Therefore, this cross-sectional survey was carried out for the antigenic detection of CPV in thirty randomly selected street dogs captured throughout Mymensingh municipality of Bangladesh over the period from January to July 2010. Rectal swab samples were collected from all dogs and tested by CPV rapid Ag test. Overall prevalence of canine parvovirus disease was recorded as 30 %. Prevalence of CPV was higher in young age group than that of older age groups. Male dogs were found to be higher susceptible to canine parvovirus infection in comparison with female. Significantly higher prevalence of CPV was recorded in diarrheic dogs compared with those having no diarrhea. Dogs with poor health condition were more vulnerable to canine parvovirus infection compared to those with normal health status. This is the first published report on CPV in street dogs in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Canine parvovirus, Street dog, Prevalence, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Location: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2010

End Date: 00-07-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Animal

Objectives:

1. The study was conducted to investigate whether if CPV disease currently exists in street dogs in the study areas.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of thirty street dogs of different age and sex in Mymensingh municipality town in Bangladesh over the period from January to July 2010. The street dogs used to roam around waste-bin, bush, road-side, rail way station and other cruddy place for searching their food. Irrespective of sex, the body weight of the dogs ranged between 14 kg and 26 kg. Street dogs were caught for euthanasia as a part of rabies control campaign operated by the municipality corporation. Before euthanatized, rectal swabs were collected by using sterile cotton swab provided with kit and kept in top-off extraction bottles containing assay buffer and mixed properly. The extraction bottles were then transferred to the laboratory using ice-box and kept at 2-4ºC until tested. Clinical evidence of presence of diarrhea; age, sex and health status of dog were noted carefully. Age of the dog was determined by examination of teeth. Health status of the dog categorized into poor health status and normal healthy dogs based on body condition. Rectal swab samples were examined using a commercial rapid CPV Ag test kit following the manufacturer’s instruction. This chromatographic immunoassay can qualitatively detect the canine parvovirus antigen in intestinal content with a limit about 104.5 TCID50/0.1 ml. Before testing, the extraction bottle were kept at room temperature for a short time and about four drops of supernatant were poured into the sample well (S) by squeezing the buffer bottle. As the test began to work, a purple colour band was observed moving across the result window in the center of the test device. Interpretations of test results were also performed within 4-5 minutes. The appearance of only one band (control band, C) within the result window indicated a negative result while appearance of two bands (test band, T and control band, C) within the result window, no matter which band appeared first, indicated a positive result. If the control band (C) was not visible within the result window after performing the test, the result was considered invalid. The exact binomial confidence interval of the proportions were estimated to evaluate the association of the test results with age, sex, health status and presence of diarrhea by using STATA 12 for windows.

Source of Information: Microbes and Health, June 2014. 3(1): 5-6; ISSN: 2226-0153 (Print) 2305-3542 (Online);

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journal.bsvmph.org/

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, as street dogs can play an important role as a reservoir of infectious agent including CPV for pet dogs, the management of street dogs is therefore rationale to prevent the spreading of the diseases. Even though the sample size of current study is very small but the result carry first-hand information about the existence of canine parvovirus disease among street dogs in Bangladesh and further in depth epidemiological and microbiological study is required for better understanding the nature of infection, transmission patterns and its management of this infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal