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Effects of Different Levels of Phosphorus on the Growth and Inorganic Nutrient Contents in Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.)

Md. Nazrul Islam
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-lOOO, Bangladesh.

Serajul Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-lOOO, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of various levels of phosphorus (16, 32 and 64 jig / ml) on the growth of different wheat varieties (Aghrani, Akbar, Ananda, Barkat and Karichan) and accumulation of P, N, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were studied. Phosphorus has a significant and favourable effect on the uptake of P and N by different wheat varieties. Excess level of P decreased the uptake of S, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu of different varieties of wheat. The uptake values of the elements by different wheat varieties varied remarkably having the same concentration of P in the growth medium. This indicated that same concentration of P may not have similar effect in different wheat varieties and hence the fertilizer rate should be adjusted for each variety of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat, Phosphorus, N, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn,Growth

Location: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the effects of different levels of phosporus on the growth and inorganic nutrient contents contents in wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Methodology:

Sand culture experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to study the effect of different levels of P on the uptake of N, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in different wheat varieties, e.g., Agrani, Akbar, Ananda, Barkat and Kanchan. Quartz sand of more than 0.5 mm diameter was used in this experiment. The sand particles were soaked in 5% HCI solution for 48 hand then washed successively with tape water, distilled water and de-ionized water and then tested for the presence of acid. The dried sand was placed in pots. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design. Phosphorus at three levels viz.: half of normal application (P_I); normal application (P₂); and double of the normal dose (P₃) were applied for each variety. Seeds of wheat varieties were obtained by curtsey of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Nutrient solutions were prepared from analar grade chemicals. Phosphate solutions of three concentrations were prepared separately. Minor variations in micronutrient concentrations were not, however, corrected. Slight salty condition similar to the field (1 m M) was obtained by using N aCl. Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HP0₄), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HP0₄) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂P0₄) were used as sources of phosphorus for three different levels of phosphorus (such as P_I, P₂ and P₃). Salts were use slightly changed due to their unavailability, but the concentrations of individual ionic species were maintained with appropriate salts. A total of 45 plastic pots (5 varieties x 3 levels of P x 3 replications), each of 9 cm height and 8 cm diameter were taken. Three-fourth of each pot was darkened with black paint. Purified sand of 750 g was placed in each pot. Fifteen moistened seeds were sown in each pot and about 30% water was maintained. Deionized water was used where necessary. A total of 5.55 L nutrient solution was applied to each pot during the experiment. After proper thinning 5 wheat seedlings were kept in each pot. At the first sampling stage (after 4 weeks of germination) and at the harvest 3 and 2 seedlings were collected, respectively from each pot. After proper washing (with deionized water) and drying (70°C for 48 h) the shoot samples were ground and then preserved in a desiccator. Samples were digested with HN0₃-HCI0₄ for the determination of nutrients other than N. Phosphorus was determined by ascorbic acid blue colour method; S by turbidimetric method (Hunt 1980); and Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by Atomic Absorption Spectro- photometer. A separate sample was digested with H₂S04-HC10₄ for the determination of N.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 27-29: 61-69, 2001-2003

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Medium containing half of the normal dose of P resulted variable effects on the contents of copper of shoot and root in different wheat varieties. A negative interaction of P with Cu on citrus but positive interaction of P with Cu on clovers which is contrary to this results. Excess level of P decreased the uptake of S, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu of different varieties of wheat. The uptake values of the elements by different wheat varieties varied remarkably having the same concentration of P in the growth medium. This indicated that same concentration of P may not have similar effect in different wheat varieties and hence the fertilizer rate should be adjusted for each variety of wheat.

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