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Analysis of Drought in Eastern Part of Bangladesh

Keka Israt A.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Rahman M.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Banu D.A.
Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi

Matin I.
Department of Civil Engineering, RUET

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Analysis of drought is very important for irrigation purpose of a country. In this work analysis of drought in the eastern part of Bangladesh has been studied. Yearly meteorological drought has been analyzed by comparing the yearly rainfall deficiency with the mean yearly rainfall. Yearly drought analysis has also been performed by three climatic indexes. The climatic indexes are De Mortone Aridity Index, IdM; Seleaninov Hydrothermic Index, IhS; and Donciu Climate Index, IcD. With the help of annual rainfall assurance (A%) yearly drought analysis has been performed by the climatic indexes. Monthly drought analysis has been done with the rainfall data, considering average rainfall and minimum rainfall for a month. In this study 17 BMD stations were chosen for analysis. The output viz, distribution of rainfall and annual variation, yearly drought and percentage of drought affected areas have been presented with the help of different figures and tables. Monthly drought analysis shows that, generally the month of January, February, March, November and December are drought affected. The month of April faces drought almost every year. May and October face drought occasionally. The months June, July, August and September experience heavy rainfall.

Keywords: Drought, IdM, IhS, IcD and Annual rainfall assurance (A%).

Location: Eastern part of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To evaluate the characteristics of rainfall in the study area.
To analyze drought, for individual month and year based on rainfall.
To analyze yearly drought using climatic indexes.

Methodology:

The significance of the term drought varies from country to country and different countries have different ways to analyse drought. In order to analyze drought in this case, meteorological drought analysis method was adopted. In this method, both yearly and monthly drought analyses were performed by using the rainfall data. The daily rainfall data of 17 stations of the eastern part of Bangladesh for 34 years (1971-2004) were collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD).Yearly drought analysis was done by three climatic indexes. The climatic indexes were,;De Mortone Aridity Index, IdM; Seleaninov Hydrothermic Index, IhS; and Donciu Climate Index, IcD. With the help of annual rainfall assurance (A%) yearly drought analysis has been performed by the climatic indexes. The analysis of yearly drought has been done by calculating the yearly average rainfall from 1971 to 2004. From appendix, 50% and 25% of normal rainfall has been calculated. The 25% deficiency of rainfall has been calculated by deducting the 25% of average rainfall from average rainfall. Then comparing with year the drought analysis has been done according to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). If the annual rainfall is greater then the value of 25% deficiency then it is normal rainfall. If the annual rainfall is between 25% and 50% deficiency then it is moderate drought. If the annual rainfall is less then the value of 50% deficiency then it is severe drought. Further, a year is considered as a drought year during which the area affected by moderate or severe drought either individually or collectively is more than 20% of the total area of the country. The characterization of the drought periods by climatic indexes has been done. The climatic indexes are De Mortone Aridity Index, IdM; Seleaninov Hydrothermic Index, IhS; and Donciu Climate Index, IcD. The correlation established between the assured rainfall (A%) for years and climatic indexes provide the polynomial expression, statistically very significant. It has quantified very significant correlation between annual rainfall assurance (A%) and climatic indexes using logarithmic expression. The data registered in the meteorological stations were used for the calculation of the climatic indexes. The annual rainfall assurance (A%) was calculated and the average rainfall of all years was determined. Percentage of rainfall for the years based on average rainfall were also determined. Deducting percentage value from 150 the annual rainfall assurance (A%) was obtained. By putting the value of A in each climatic index equation the value of each climatic index has been determined. By comparing the value of climatic indexes, the yearly drought analysis was performed.

Source of Information: DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: It is found that from November to March all the study area experiences a drought. Sometimes in the months of April, September and October drought occurred. Severe drought occurred in 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1980, 1985 and 2003 in the study area of Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Kutubdia, Sitakunda, Maizdi Court, Teknaf and Srimongal. Moderate drought occurred in the years of 1972, 1976, 1981, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995 in the study area of Mymensingh, Comilla, Chandpur, Feni and Rangamati. Sometimes excessive drought occurred in Cox’s Bazar, Kutubdia, Sitakunda and Maizdi Court. Though the study does not fully state the drought condition it gives a primary idea about the drought condition of the study area to face the drought adaptability and remedial measure for the alleviation of the drought for the reason concerned.

Knowledge Management: Journal