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Fate of Malathion and Parathion in Soils

M. A. Sattar
Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A typical Finnish soil was treated with 10,1000 and 1000 ppm levels of malathion and parathion organophosphorus pesticides at field capacity and air-dry moisture conditions, and incubated for 16 weeks under laboratory conditions. Soil samples were collected after 0,1,2,4,8 and 16 weeks of observation, and ana lysed the residues by Cc. The results showed that both malathion and parathion degraded gradually with the progress of incubation time. Malathion degradation was faster than that of parathion. The degradation was rapid at field capacity moisture levels, and very slow in air-dry soils. Both compounds persisted longer with high doses. The rate of degradation was linear and well fitted to the regression lines (r= -0.980 to-0.989). The results were applied to the first order rate constants, and the half-time was measured with each compound at field capacity (23-25 days) and air-dry (43-47 days) conditions of soils.

Keywords: Malathion, Parathion, Soil,

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To malathion and paration residues were detected from a typical Finnish soil under field capacity and air-dry mosture conditions.

Methodology:

A typical farm soil from Jyvaskyla, Finland was used in the experiment. The soil was dried at room temperature, ground well and sieved through the 10-mesh sieve. Malathion (Dimethy1-S-1, 2-dicarboethoxy ethyl dithiophosphate) and parathion (Diethy l-4-nitrophenyl thiophosphate) were used in the experiment. The compounds were 99-100% pure, and collected from the Finnish company. The purity and structures of the compounds were varified by NMR and MS. Each 200 g soil sample was treated with malathion or parathion separately at the rate of 10,100 and 1000 ppm levels. The required amount of each pesticide was first diluted in hexane, applied to the soils, mixed well with a glass rod, and then transferred to the glass containers by creating field capacity conditions with distilled water and air- dry conditions. The treated soil samples were kept at room temperature for 16 weeks. After uniform mixing 15-20 g of each treated soils were collected after 0,1,2,4,8 and 16 weeks of incubation for analysis of the residues by GC. Ten g. of each soil sample was treated with 50 ml solvent misture of Hexane- diethylether-dichloromethane-propanal (1:1:1:1) by shaking method for 45 min, and repeated the procedure with another 50 of the solvent mixture. The combined filtrate was dried by rotavapor and prepared 10 m1 of the solution with hexane. After necessary dilutions, the samples were injected to the Perkin-Elmer sigma 3B Gas Chromatograph equiped with Fl detector. A programme temperature was applied form 90 to 200 with an increasing rate of 6⁰C/min. Both external and internal standard methods were applied to the samples.

Source of Information: Proceedings of Inter-congress Conference of Commission IV "Improving soil Management for Intensive Cropping in the Tropics and Sub-tropics", pp-331-336, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that both malathion and parathion degraded gradually with the progress of incubation time. Malathion degradation was faster than that of parathion. The degradation was rapid at field capacity moisture levels, and very slow in air-dry soils. Both compounds persisted longer with high doses. The rate of degradation was linear and well fitted to the regression lines (r= -0.980 to-0.989). The results were applied to the first order rate constants, and the half-time was measured with each compound at field capacity (23-25 days) and air-dry (43-47 days) conditions of soils. Such rate constant values are widely used in the pesticide degradation experiment.

Knowledge Management: Journal