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Present Status of Different Water Sources and Potentiality of Rainwater as Potable Water: a Study on Some Selected Areas in Bangladesh

M.A. Hossen
Scientific Officer
FMPHT Division, Bangladesh Rice Research lnstitute, GazipurlT0l

M. Ahiduzzaman
Scientific Officer
FMPHT Division, Bangladesh Rice Research lnstitute, GazipurlT0l

M.A. Haque
Associate professor
Dept. of Farm Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.D Hussain
professor
Dept. of Farm Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Present situation of different sources of water used for domestic purposes in the rural areas were studied where scarcity of potable water exists during the dry spell. Primary data were collected from five selected villages. The results of the study showed approximately 52 percent of ponds hold water round the year and most of them were polluted from different sour.es. Hand tube-well water was the main source of domestic water supply in the study areas but most of the wells were not productive during the dry spell of the year. As an alternative source rainwater seems to be the most viable solution for providing quantity drinking water to rural areas in the developing countries. This study significantly indicated that about 45 percent people of the study areas were interested on rainwater. Galvanized steel made storage tank of capacity 2.5 m³ for supplying only the drinking water during dry period of the,year was used to observe the variation of stored rain water quality.The stored rainwater was found to be safe in terms of pH and bacterial quality during six months of storage period.

Keywords: Rain water, Potable water

Location: Bilboka,Sommuk Bailor, Gonshampur, Bohuly and Akanilara of greater Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-10-2000

End Date: 00-10-2001

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To study the present situation of different water sources in the study areas.
To assess the possibility of storing rainwater maintaining drinking quality.

Methodology:

The survey for this study was conducted during the period from October 2000 to October 2001. Therefore, the survey covered both the rainy season as well as the dry season. Five villages at different locations namely Bilboka, Sommuk Bailor, Gonshampur, Bohuly and Akanilara of greater Mymensingh district were selected for the study purposively: Preliminary survey showed that different sources of water were severely contaminated and people in those areas were suffering from different diseases. The people of these areas showed interest to collect and store rainwater as a source of safe potable water as an alternative source of drinking water. Most of the surface water sources were dried up during the end of the summer season and simultaneously the hand tube-wells did not discharge water due to large draw-down. Survey results regarding the available water sources in the study areas are presented in simple tabular forms showing percentage of total. The portable type rainwater collector made of galvanized steel was used for single family, which collected water as an open sky water catchment system. The size of storage tank depends on intensity of use and demand of drinking water, availability of roof area or collector area and intensity of rainfall in the area. The Galvanized steel made storage tank was used for observed variation of rainwater quality. The size of the storage tank was 2.5 m³ used for supplying only the drinking water during the dry period of the.year. Rainwater was collected to the storage tank through a flexible pipe attached to a 1.4 ni'" portable type catchment system. The storage tank was completely leak proof as even a minute steeper over a long period will amount to a .considerable loss of water. lt was covered by a thatched shade to minimize evaporation losses and possible pollution. The tank was also provided with insect proof ventilation. The water from rainwater collector was conveyed into storage tank using flexible pipe. Collector made of galvanized steel as well as polythene sheet were used to collect the water that was stored into storage tank made also of galvanized steel. Sample test was done during June to November 2001. The pH value was determined by , p ^Hmeter. The bacteriological quality of water is generally expressed in terms of the parameters: Eschenchia coliform (E. coli) and total bacteria. These are important water quality parameters from the public health view point since they play key roles in water born diseases. 2.4.1 Escherichia coliform (E. coli) Culture medium for E. coliform was: 10 g peptone + 10 g lactose +2 g KH₂PO₄+ 15 g agar + 0.4 I Eosin Y+ 0.065 g methylene blue in 1 liter distilled water (P^H 7.1 after sterilization). A diluted (02-104 times) sample of 0.1 ml was taken and incgbaled in cosine methylene blue-agar medium at 37⁰+1⁰C for 48 hours. A pink to red color with metallic surface sheet developed. The number of coliform colonies was counted and expressed as colony counts/ 100 ml sample. Culture medium for total bacteria was: 3 g beef extract +5 g tryptone + 1 g glucose + 15 g agar in 1 litre distilled water (pH 6.8 to 7.0 after sterilization). A diluted sample(10²-10⁴ times) of 0.1 ml was incubated in tryptone glucose agar medium at 35⁰O.5⁰C for 48 hours. The number of colonies was counted and expressed as number of counts/ 100 ml sample.

Source of Information: J. Agric. Mach. Bioresour. Eng. 4(1&2),2006:61-66 rssN 1993-4041

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

ln context of contamination of different sources of water and scarcity of potable water during the dry spell, rainwater showed the potentiality to be accepted by the people of the study area as an alternative source of safe potable water. Rainwater can be stored safely for several months into steel tanks in order to use during the dry spell. But hygienic practices should be adopted during collection, handling and usage of rainwater to ensure its potable quality. To mitigate the need for safe potable water in areas with contaminated tube well water and dry spell water shortage, More experimental works are still required to finalize an appropriate methodology for bacterial control of rainwater.

Knowledge Management: Journal