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Development of Herbal Feed Additive for Cattle

Khan Shahidul Huque
CSO and Head, APRD
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka

Sardar Mohammad Amanullah
Scientific Officer
APRD, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka

Nasrin Sultana
Scientific Officer
APRD, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted with 24 Bos indicus growing bull in BLRI research farm for a period of ninety days growth trial to judge the efficacy of three plant sources of saponin, namely, Sapindus mukorossi, seed karnel of Camelia sinensis and whole fruit of Acacia concinna, as herbal feed additives. The animals were grouped into four treatments having six animals in each. Keeping one group control (no herbal feed), the remainder three groups were fed either with the above three herbal feed @ 0.3gDM/kg live weight. The animals were fed ad libitum UMS with a supplementation of concentrate mixture @ 0.5% of the body weight of the animals. Herbal feeds were supplied mixing with concentrate mixture. At the end of the experiment it was observed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily live weight gain among the treatments, however, S. mukorossi group has shown a better response and achieved 14% additional gain in compared to control. Feed conversion ratio was found better in S. mukorossi group (11.6), followed by control (12.3), C. sinensis (13.1) and A. concinna (15.1) group, though the effect was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On a day average, feeding S. mukorossi, C. sinensis and A. concinna reduced protozoa by 38%, 44% and 33%, respectively than that of control and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the fruits of S. mukorossi and A. concinna and the seeds of C. sinensis have defaunating effects without hampering intake, digestibility of nutrients (especially of fiber) and N balance in cattle.

Keywords: Herbal, Additive, Rumen Environment

Location: BLRI, Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 01-07-2006

End Date: 30-06-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Feed

Objectives:

To know the efficacy of three plant sources of saponin, namely, Sapindus mukorossi, seed karnel of Camelia sinensis and whole fruit of Acacia concinna, as herbal feed additives

Methodology:

Twenty four Bos indicus growing bull of almost similar age (about 2.5 years) were selected and randomly allocated to four experimental treatment having six bulls in each treatment. The experimental treatments were supplementation of either Sapindus mukorossi fruit pericarp or seed kernel of Camelia sinensis or whole fruit of Acacia concinna and another one was the control (no herbal additive). Four rumen fistulated animals were also use to determine rumen environment as indicated by rumen p^H, NH₄-N and the number of ciliated protozoa. All animals received adlibitum (at least 10% in excess of requirement) urea molasses straw (UMS; 3% urea, 15% Molasses and 82% straw on DM basis) as the basal diet. They also received a concentrate mixture at the rate of 0.5% of their live weight. The fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi, seed kernel of C. sinensis and whole fruit of A. concinna were dried in 60⁰C, ground and stored in air tight container. These feed were supplied at the rate of 0.3 gDM/kg body weight of the animals by mixing with the supplemented concentrate. The experiment was continued for 90 days, and at the later part of the trial a digestibility trial was conducted taking 3 animals from each group randomly. All samples were taken out from the freeze and thawed. After thawing seven samples of feces and refusal (7days) from an animal were mixed thoroughly, and a composite sample was taken for the determination of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) on fresh basis. The other part of the sample was dried in an oven to determine acid detergent fibre (ADF). The data from growth and digestibility trial were analyzed using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in SPSS 11.5, whereas, for In vivo study data were analyzed in Latin Square Design (LSD) using MSTATC statistical package. Means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test where necessary.

Source of Information: BLRI. 2007. Annual report.APRD pp. 01 -44

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was concluded that the saponin containing fruits/seeds of S. mukorossi and A. concinna and the seeds of C. sinensis have defaunating effects without hampering intake, digestibility of nutrients (especially of fiber) and N balance in cattle.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings