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Mortality Rate and Clinical Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Naturally Infected Chickens in Bangladesh

P.K. Biswas
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

N.C. Debnath
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

A.S.M.A. Hannan
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M.A. Habib
Central Disease Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M.H. Rahman
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

A. Das
Department of Genetics and Breeding, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

H. Barua
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

S.S.U. Ahmed
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh

J.P. Christensen
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

M. Giasuddin
Principal Scientific Officer
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A retrospective study was performed to assess the mortality rates and clinical signs in commercial and backyard chickens naturally infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Bangladesh. All of the 33 commercial and 25 backyard farms, recorded during the first wave of HPAI outbreaks (January to November 2007) in Bangladesh, were enrolled in this study. The farm profile data, stock information and major clinical signs recognised by the farmers and/ or farm attendants, were collected through a prototype questionnaire. The investigating veterinarians’ retrospective appraisals of the clinical signs were recorded by interview. After the clinical onset, the incidence rates of mortality in breeder, commercial broiler, commercial layer and backyard chickens were, respectively: 0.0215, 0.0341, 0.0179 and 0.0703 per chicken-day at risk. The four major clinical signs observed were cyanotic combs and wattles, oedema of the head and face, drowsiness and huddling and ecchymotic discoloration of the leg shanks. The first sign (cyanotic combs and wattles) was equally observed in chickens from commercial and backyard farms (p = 0.44) but the second (oedema of the head and face) was more common in backyard farms (p = 0.03).

Keywords: Avian influenza, Bangladesh, Chickens, H5N1, Highly pathogenic avian influenza

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute

Start Date: 01-01-2007

End Date: 31-11-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

1. A retrospective study was performed to assess the mortality rates and clinical signs in commercial and backyard chickens naturally infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

An overview of case reporting and confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza

Data collection: All the 58 HPAI-affected farms (HPAI-AFs) registered in
Bangladesh by 17 November 2007 were retrospectively
investigated. A list of the farms was collected from the DLS
epidemiology unit. Interviews were conducted with the
farmers by questionnaire to elicit important farm profiles.

Data analysis: All data from the interviews were entered into a
spreadsheet programme (Excel 2000, Microsoft
Corporation) and STATA-7 (STATA Corporation,
Texas, 2001) for summary and data management.

Source of Information: Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2011, 30 (3), 871-878

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The incidence rates of mortality in breeder, broiler, layer and backyard chickens that were naturally infected with the HPAI H5N1 virus in Bangladesh were, respectively: 0.0215, 0.0341, 0.0179 and 0.0703 per chicken-day at risk. The four major clinical signs observed in backyard chickens were cyanotic combs and wattles, oedema of the head and face, drowsiness and huddling and ecchymotic discoloration of the leg shanks. The first sign, cyanotic combs and wattles, was equally observed in commercial chickens.

Knowledge Management: Journal