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Crop Sequences for Increasing Cropping Intensity and Productivity

R. I. Mondal, F. Begum
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

A. Aziz and S. H. Sharif
Upazilla Agricultural Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were conducted at the Central Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for three consecutive years (2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14) to study the comparative agronomic performance and economic return of different cropping sequences for increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Three cropping patterns (CP₁ - Transplanted Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7)– Mustard (var:BARISarisha-14)– Boro rice (var:BRRIdhan-28)– Transplanted Aus rice (var:Parija), CP₂ - T. aman rice – Potato (var:Diamont) – Boro rice – T. aus rice and CP₃ - T. aman rice – Mustard (var:BARISarisha-15) – Mungbean (var:BARIMung-6) –T. aus rice) are based on four crops; and one cropping pattern (CP₄ = T. aman rice – Fallow – Boro rice – Fallow) with two rice crops as control were tested. Four crops can be grown successfully one after another in sequence in all the three cropping patterns tested. On an average organic matter 3.56, 4.70, 3.58 and 2 t ha^-1 were added to soil in CP₁, CP₂, CP₃ and CP₄ by incorporation of biomass of respective crops. The highest rice equivalent yield (REY) 34.10, 34.02 and 33.36 t ha ^-1 was obtained from the cropping pattern CP ₂ in 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively and it was followed by CP₁ and CP₃ . The highest average gross return (Tk.5,00,469 ha^-1 ) and net return (Tk. 2,63,773 ha ^-1 ) were obtained from CP₂ and it was followed by CP₃ but the highest average B:C ratio (2.89) was obtained from the cropping pattern CP₃ followed by CP₂ (2.11) due to lower cost of production than in the former one. Four crops based patterns can be recommended for higher productivity, soil enrichment & economic benefit besides creating more employment opportunity.

Keywords: Four crop sequence, Rice, Mustard, Mungbean, Potato, Cropping pattern, Cropping intensity.

Location: Central Research Station of BARI Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Farming System

Non-commodity: Credit

Objectives:

To study the comparative agronomic performance and economic return of different cropping sequences for increasing cropping intensity and productivity.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the Central Research Station of BARI Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh (AEZ 28) from July to June of 2011-12, 2012-2013 and 2013-14. Soil samples were analysed in the month of July before land preparation for T.aman rice for estimating initial soil fertility status. Three cropping patterns (CP₁ -Transplanted Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7)–Mustard (var:BARISarisha-14) – Boro rice (var:BRRIdhan-28) – Transplanted Aus rice (var:Parija) , CP₂ - T. aman rice – Potato (var:Diamont) – Boro rice – T. aus rice and CP₃ - T. aman rice – Mustard (var:BARISarisha-15) – Mungbean (var:BARIMung-6) –T. aus rice) are based on four crops; and one cropping pattern (CP₄ = T. aman rice – Fallow – Boro rice – Fallow) with two rice crops as control were tested for their comparative agronomic performance and economic return.. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 5 replications. The unit plot size was 6m x 4m. Transplanted aman (T.aman) rice was grown during the Kharif season and it was the first crop of the sequence. Seedlings were grown in adjacent plot and transplanting was done with 20 to 25 days old seedling of rice var. Binadhan-7 at a spacing of 20cm x 15cm during 20 to 24 July in four cropping pattern. T. aman rice was harvested during 25 to 27 October in three consecutive years. Rice plant was harvested at 15cm height from soil surface and remaining parts of the plant was incorporated with soil. Potato was planted during 1 to 8 November. Potato tubers (cv. Diamont) were planted with 60 cm x 25 cm spacing. Potato was harvested during 22 to 25 January. Tuber and foliage (over dry) weights were taken from whole plot and whole plant except tuber (1.48 t ha ^-1 ) was incorporated with the soil. Mustard was grown during 30 October to 6 November. Mustard variety BARI Sarisha-14 and BARI Sarisha-15 were seeded with 30 cm x 5 cm spacing. BARI Sarisha-14 was harvested during 18 to 25 January while BARI Sarisha-15 during 23 to 30 January. Seed yield and straw yields were taken from whole plot. Leaf biomass (from 0.13 to 0.14 t ha ^-1 ) was incorporated in the soil. Mungbean was sown during 20 to 24 February. Mungbean (cv. BARI Mung-6) was sown at a spacing of 20 cm in solid line. Mungbean were harvested during 20 to 27 April. Seed yield of mungbean and biomass weight of mungbean were taken from entire plot. After two or three picking of the pods, the green biomass (1.3 t ha^-1 ) was ploughed down into soil and left for decomposition until the T.aus was transplanted. Boro rice was the third crop of the sequence. Thirty five to forty five days old seedling of variety BRRIdhan 28 were transplanted with 20 cm x 15cm spacing during 16 to 30 January in CP₄ ; during 24 to 29 January in CP₁ and ; during 27 to 29 January in CP₂ . 20 to 25 five days old seedling of var. Parija were transplanted with 15cm x 15cm spacing during 11 to 15 May in CP₁ , during 11 to 15 May in CP₂ and; during 11 to 25 May in CP₃in three years. T. aus were harvested during 20 to 22 July and 14 to 23 July in first and second year, respectively. Grain yield and straw yields were taken from whole plot. Rice equivalent yield and economics of different cropping systems were estimated to judge their performance. T.aman rice and total rice equivalent data were analyzed statistically and treatment means were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 13(1):135-147 (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above result showed that T. aman rice (var: Binadhan7) – Mustard (var: BARISarisha-15) – Mungbean (var:BARIMung-6)–T. aus rice (var: Parija) cropping pattern gave higher benefit with less cost of production and could be easily fitted in the existing pattern. T. aman rice (var: Binadhan7)–Potato (var:Diamont)–Boro rice (var:BRRIdhan-28) –T. aus rice (var: Parija) also showed reasonable benefit and added higher organic matter than the former one. Short duration of mustard, mungbean, potato and aus rice variety could be easily fitted in the existing pattern without deteriorating soil nutrient system. Due to growing four crops in year in the same piece of land more employment opportunity for male and female laboures could be created and at the same time due to increased production of rice, potato, mustard and mungbean, the food security and nutritional security could be ascertained for the farmers at same time cropping intensity and productivity could be increased.

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