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Response of Groundnut to Different Forms of Nitrogen and Calcic Fertilizers

S. A. Haque
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

S. U. Chowdhury
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of different forms of nitrogenous fertilizers alone and in combination with calcium sulphate on the yield of groundnut were studied in the old Brahmaputra flood plain soil of Bangladesh. Urea and sulphate of ammonia served as the sources of nitrogen and calcium sulphate as the source of calcium. Urea and sulphate of ammonia were band placed while calcium sulphate was dusted just at the beginning of flowering. Urea was found as the superior source of nitrogen for groundnut production at lower level (15 kg/ha) of its application but sulphate of ammonium did not show any beneficial effect. However, application of calcium sulphate increased the yield of groundnut when applied with ammonium sulphate only, application of calcium sulphate with urea at higher level rather resulted a decrease in yield.

Keywords: Groundnet, Fertilizer, Calcium, Soil

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University farm, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-00-1973

End Date: 00-00-1974

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To study the yield response of groundnut to the application of different forms of nitrogenous fertilizers and calcium sulphate in Brahmaputra flood plain soil of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the winter season of 1973-74 on non-calcareous dark grey flood plain soil at the Bangladesh Agricultural University farm, Mymensingh. The soil was sandy loam and almost neutral in reaction (pH 6.8). The soil is characterized by moderate content of organic matter. There were 10 fertilizer treatment combinations. Nitrogen was applied at the rate of 15 and 30 kg/ha and calcium at the rate of 55 kg/ha. Urea and sulphate of ammonia served as nitrogen sources and calcium sulphate for calcium. The entire amount of nitrogen was band-placed at the time of sowing seed. Calcium sulphate was dusted on the plants at the early stage of flowering. A randomized block design was followed in the experiment with a net plot size of 0.0006 hectare (3x2=6 sq. meter). The experiment was replicated thrice. A local variety of groundnut was used as the test crop. Shelled groundnut seeds were sown in the experimental plots on December 2, 1973. Seeds were sown at a depth of 4-6 cm in furrows with a spacing of 30 cm between furrows. The hole to hole distance was 20 cm. Seeds were treated with ceresan, a dust fungicide before sowing. After complete emergence, the seedlings were thinned to one plant, in each place. All intercultural operations such as, weeding, earthening up, irrigation etc. were done as an when needed.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol-3, No-1, June-1978

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of nitrogen in the forms of ammonium sulphate did not show any beneficial effect on the yield of groundnut, rather there was a slight decrease in yield from control. On the contrary, in combination with calcium sulphate, ammonium sulphate increased the yield at both the levels of its application. However, application of ammonium sulphate at lower level (15 kg/ha) increased the yield of groundnut over the higher level. The effect of urea-N on its yield was more noticeable as compared to that of ammonium sulphate. Groundnut yield increased considerably at both the levels of urea-N application. Here too, it increased more at the lower level of nitrogen application. Application of 15 kg/ha. of urea N resulted in an increase of 250 kg/ha of yield

over control, whereas. the increase in yield in 30 kg/ha urea-N treatment was only 84, kg/ha. Application of calcium sulphate along with urea did not increase the yield of groundnut as compared to single urea-N application and was brought almost equal to that of control at the higher level of urea-N application with calcium sulphate. This indicates incompatibility of lime materials with urea-N to the soil. It is revealed from the foregoing observations that the yield of groundnut decreased at the higher level of nitrogen application under both the forms of nitrogenous fertilizer-sulphate of ammonia and urea. Calcium treated plots except where urea was applied showed a slight favourable effect on the yield of groundnut over control. Collwell and Brady (1945) observed that in addition to decreasing the number of pops, calcium also function in increasing the number of two-cavity fruit formed by the large seeded varieties. They suggested that calcium exerts such favourable effects by preventing abortion of the fertilized ovules which apparently occurs at a very early stage of fruit development before shell enlargement has begun.

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