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Variability and Heterosis in Snake Gourd (trichosanthes Anguina L.)

MS Ahmed,
Scientific Officer,
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

MAK Mian,
Professor,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultual University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur.

ASM Masuduzzaman,
Senior Scientific Officer,
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

MK Bashar,
Principal Scientific Officer,
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

MG Rasul,
Associate professor,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultual University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two experiments were conducted to study the different genetic variability and magnitude of heterosis in Snake gourd at the experimental field of BSMRAU during February to July, 1997. Eight fruit genotypes of snake gourd were studied to measure the variability. Among the genotypes, all the characters except node number of first flower showed significant variation. Highest genetic variability was observed for fruit length. Fruit yield per plant showed maximum differences between genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation, indicating highest environmental influence on it. High heritability and considerable genetic advance were obtained in duration of fruiting, fruit weight and yield per plant, indicating scope for further improvement through selection. Three parental lines and their F₁ hybrids were studied for heterosis. Both positive and negative heterosis was obtained of which few hybrids showed desirable and significant values. The heterotic performance of the hybrids was mostly positive. ‘Green long x White long ‘ were the earliest in first flowering and have the longest duration for fruit ripening, “Green long x Green short” have the longest duration of fruiting, while “Green long x White long’ were the longest, ‘Green short x White long were the broadest and “Green long x White long” were the heaviest fruit producing hybrids. The highest yield was obtained in “Green long x Green short” hybrid.

Keywords: Variability, Heterosis, Snake gourd.

Location: BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-02-1997

End Date: 00-07-1997

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Snake gourd

Objectives:

1.To measure the variability among the different morphotypes present in nature for selecting the improved types and

2. To obtain information about heterosis for further improvement of the crop.

Methodology:

Two experiments were conducted at the experimental field of BSMRAU, Gazipur during February to July, 1997. Eight genotypes were included in the variability and three open pollinated genotypes along with their F₁ populations were included in the heterosis studies, using RCB design with three replications. Raised beds of 1.5 m width were made having 0.50 m side and surrounding drains. Pits were prepared on the raised beds with a distance of 1.0 m between pit to pit. Fertilizer was applied @ 70:110:70 kg NPK/ha. One healthy seedling of 20 days old was transplanted in each pit. Necessary cultural practices were done as and when required. Fruits were harvested at edible stage (i.e. 12 days old). The mean square (MS) of genotypic and phenotypic variances, broad sense heritability and genetic advance in percentage of mean were estimated as per Johanson et al. (1955) and mean values were separated by DMRT. Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variance was calculated by the formula suggested by Burton (1952) and the formula used for the estimation of heterosis from the mean values was given by Fehr (1987).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Pl. Breed. Genet., 13(1): 27-32. 2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mean performance showed considerable amount of genetic variability for all the seven characters except node number of first flower in this study. Among the genotypes, Green long was the best for fruit length (51.43 m), fruit weight (264.5g) and yield per plant (18.94 kg), Green short for duration of fruiting (50 days) and Pale green short for fruit diameter (4.65 cm).Very little differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were observed for all the characters except node no. of first flower and yield per plant indicating environmental influence on them. The highest genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) was observed in fruit length and moderately high in fruit weight and yield per plant and very low values of GCV was observed in node number of first flowering and fruit diameter.High heritability values were observed in almost all the characters. High heritability estimate with high genetic advance for fruit length, fruit weight, seed per plant and yield per plant were obtained in this study indicating additive gene action for these characters and a wide scope for improvement through selection for these characters. Besides, days required for first flowering and fruit diameter showed high heritability but low genetic advance in percentage of mean indicating non-additive gene action.Highly significant positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis for days required for first flowering was observed in “Green long x Green short” and “Green short x White long”.All hybrids exhibited negative insignificant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for fruit length except “Green long x Green short”. For fruit breadth, all hybrids exhibited highly significant positive heterobeltiosis and for fruit weight all hybrids exhibited significant positive heterosis and heterobehiosis except “Green long x Green short”. Finally, it can be concluded that selection would be effective for duration of fruiting, weight per fruit and yield per plant.”Green long x Green short” and “Green short x White long” were found to be good performer and could be used in further varietal improvement program.

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