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Growth and Flowering Performance Evaluation of Thirty Two Chrysanthemum Cultivars

A. F. M. Jamal Uddin
Associate Professor
Dept. of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

H. Mehraj
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, Japan

S. Shahrina
Dept. of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

A. F. Ona
Dept. of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

T. Taufiquea
Dept. of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and flowering performance of chrysanthemum cultivars. Thirty two chrysanthemum cultivars coded from V₁to V₃₂were used in the experiment. Plant height, number of branch per plant, leaf area, number of leaf per branch, chlorophyll content, days to flower bud initiation, days to first petal spread, days to final bloom, number of flower bud per plant, number of flower per branch, number of flower per plant, bud diameter at initiation stage, bud diameter at mature stage, flower head diameter, stalk length and flower durability in plant (days to 50% flower senescence) for different cultivars varied significantly. Number of flowers per plant ranged from 4.3 to 194.6, flower head diameters varied from 2.8 to 17.6 cm and stalk lengths were from 4.4 to 20.1 cm. Amongst the chrysanthemum cultivars V₁₅ (BARI chrysanthenum1) was the maximum flower producing cultivar, while V₁produced the largest flowers and flowers from the V₂₁had the longest shelf-life. These variations might help in classifying chrysanthemum, for pot cultivation and cut flower, based on their flowering quality which will be beneficial for growers.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum sp., Growth and Flower Characteristics, Species Variation

Location: Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-10-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Flower

Objectives:

To evaluate the performance of the cultivars in respect to their different traits.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm of the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from October 2012 to March 2013.

Planting materials: Growing chrysanthemum plants from a sucker is, the easiest and quickest way to propagate. Suckers of chrysanthemum were collected from the Horticulture farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka; Krishibid Upokorn Nursery, Agargaon, Dhaka and Barishal Nursery, Savar, Dhaka; Bngladesh. New plant was generated by planting sucker from mother chrysanthemum.
Design of experiment: 32 chrysanthemum cultivars were used. They were Crimson Tide (V₁); Samsan (V₂); White Snowball (V₃); Chandramukhi (V₄); Lexy (V₅); Rose Pink (V₆); Yellow Glow (V₇); Ruby Red (V₈); Gold Apricot (V₉); Sunny Yellow (V₁₀); Lavender Mum (V₁₁); Giant Bronze (V₁₂); Purple Mum (V₁₃); Moon Ball (V₁₄); Yellow Bay (V₁₅); Pink Shasta Daisy (V₁₆); Bernadette Yellow (V₁₇); Mammoth Yellow (V₁₈); Auburn Daisy (V₁₉); Sweet Vase (V₂₀); First Light (V₂₁); Flying Saucer (V₂₂); Zipsy (V₂₃); Gold Mundial (V₂₄); Red Wing (V₂₅); Trendy Time (V₂₆); Rising Sun (V₂₇); BARI chrysanthemum 2 (V₂₈); Rayonnate spider (V₂₉); Flair spider (V₃₀); Wisp of Red (V₃₁) and Satin Ribbon (V₃₂). One sucker was planted in each pot and the size of each pot was 25 cm in diameter (above part) and 20 cm in height. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications for each cultivar thus comprised to a total of 96 pots.
Pot preparation: Soil (approx. 2.5 kg/pot) and cow dung (approx. 1.5 kg/pot) were mixed and pots were filled 7 days before transplanting. Weeds and stubbles were completely removed
Disease and pest management: During the early growing stage powdery mildew and leaf spot were controlled by spraying Dithane M-45. Fungicide was sprayed two times at 15 days interval. Crop was also attacked by aphids during the growing stage. Aphid was controlled by spraying Malathion @ 1.5 ml/L. Insecticides were sprayed two times at seven days interval.
Data collection: Data were collected on plant height; number of branch, leaf area, number of leaf per branch, chlorophyll content, days to flower bud initiation, days to first petal spread, days to final bloom, number of flower bud per plant, number of flower per branch, number of flower per plant, bud diameter at initiation stage, bud diameter at mature stage, flower head diameter, stalk length and flower durability in plant (days to 50% flower senescence). Leaf area, chlorophyll content and flower bud diameter were measured by using CL-202 Leaf Area Meter (USA), SPAD-502 and Digital Caliper-515 (DC-515) respectively. Ten mature leaves and bud from each plant were measured and then average it after that mean was calculated. Flower bud diameter at initiation stage and fully mature stage that are about to open in the next day. The total length from base of the branch to terminal node of flower was taken as stalk length. Flower durability in plant was measured by counting the duration of time in days that flower remains good condition in plant.
Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using MSTAT-C statistical package and significant difference among the treatment means was determined by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance. In addition, error bar represents the standard error at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, Vol. 04, Issue 01: 40-51, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.journalbinet.com/jbar-040115-41.html

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Chrysanthemum cultivars showed wide range of variations in their growth and flowering characteristics. Maximum number of flower was found in V₁₅ (9.4/ 20 cm branch and 194.6/plant). Large flower (17.6 cm flower head diameter) with longest stalk (20.1 cm) was found in V₁. On the other hand, late flower senescence from the plant was recorded in V₂₁ (20.7 days). Breeders can easily select the desirable characters from this wide range of variation for the development of the chrysanthemum flowers.

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