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Occurrences, Treatment and Antibiotic Resistant Pattern of Colibacillosis and Salmonellosis in Broiler

M. A. Hossain
Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Barisal.

M. A. Amin
Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. D. I. Khan
Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Barisal.

M. L. Mollah
Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Barisal.

M. A. Hossaina
Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Barisal.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to investigate present occurrence of colibacillosis and salmonellosis in broiler and to find out the effective antibiotics for treatment of these diseases. The resistant pattern of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. against gentamicin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also observed in Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Bangladesh. The occurrence of colibacillosis was 32.52% and salmonellosis was 13.17% but in mixed infection occurrence was 9.75% with colibacillosis and 2.92% with salmonellosis. Neomycin (38.00%) was mostly used for treatment of colibacillosis and enrofloxacin (25.93%) was used for treatment of salmonellosis. Efficacy of neomycin and enrofloxacin was 92.10% in colibacillosis and 85.81% in salmonellosis respectively. The study also revealed that Escherichia coli were resistant against neomycin (38.88%), oxytetracycline (50.55%), amoxicillin (60.68%), enrofloxacin (50.00%) and ciprofloxacin (30.55%). Salmonella sp. was resistant against neomycin (33.33%), oxytetracycline (63.33%), amoxicillin (63.33%), enrofloxacin (52.38%) and ciprofloxacin (52.38%) respectively. Gentamicin (100%) was highly sensitive for the treatment of colibacillosis and salmonellosis.

Keywords: Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis, Occurrences, Treatments and Antibiotic Resistant

Location: Kapasia upazilla, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 23-03-2014

End Date: 14-05-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To determine the present occurrence of colibacillosis and salmonellosis in broiler and find out the most effective antibiotics for treatment of these diseases in Kapasia upazilla of Gazipur district.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Kapasia upazilla of Gazipur district in Bangladesh during 23^rd March, 2014 to 14^th May, 2014. Antibiotic resistant pattern in broiler were observed in Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Bangladesh. 615 birds from different farms were subjected to post-mortem examination. From them 36 isolates of Escherichia coli and 21 isolates of Salmonella sp. prepared from single colibacillosis and salmonellosis cases for Cultural Sensitivity (CS) Test. Diagnosis of disease was made on the basis of history, signs and symptoms prior to death of birds, post-mortem lesions of dead birds by post-mortem examination, supported by microbiological examination when indicated, using standard methods for bacterial identification. The post-mortem examinations were performed and lesions were recorded as early as possible after death of the birds. Treatment was given according to presumptive diagnosis. Study the type of antibiotics prescribed against those clinical cases. Both Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were gram negative bacteria and were used gram negative bacteria sensitive antibiotics or broad spectrum antibiotics. Gentamicin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were used for the treatment of the colibacillosis and salmonellosis.
Liver sample was considered for microbial examination. 1 gm of liver samples was taken and kept in the selinite broth. Then tubes of selinite broth with liver were incubated for overnight at 37°C. In case of immediate use after few hours, sample was taken by sterilized cotton swab just after searing. There were many laboratory examinations and techniques for confirm diagnosis of colibacillosis and salmonellosis such as isolation and identification of the organisms, serological test, culturing on various selective media and observation of colony characteristics and also observation of the organisms under microscope after staining. For suspected cases of colibacillosis inoculation from both broth sample and swab sample culturing were done at MacConkey agar and blood agar plate and were kept for overnight incubation and observed. Both lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting colonies were found. More confirmation was made by biochemical tests of pink colored colonies of Escherichia coli. Various biochemical tests were done for identification. Notable performed biochemical tests were SIM (Sulfied Indole Motility Test), TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) agar stab and Urea. Among all confirmatory diagnostic methods culturing on selective media (MacConkey Agar and SS Agar) and observation of colony characteristics as well as Biochemical Test at TSI agar stab were selected for salmonellosis.
After confirmation the isolates as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Upon Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. identification, antibiotic sensitivity test were performed on the isolates by standard technique of EUCAST and recommendation done by the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Antibiotics selected for susceptibility testing included a panel of antimicrobial agents of interest to the poultry industry and human public health authorities. 6 drugs were selected on the basis of their range of activity against enterobacteria and on their use in the poultry farming. The following antibiotics and disc potencies were used: GN: gentamicin (120μg), NEO: neomycin (30μg), CIP: ciprofloxacin (5μg), OT: oxytetracycline (30μg), ENR: enrofloxacin (5μg) and AML: amoxicillin (10μg) from Oxoid Ltd. (Basingstoke, Hampshire, England). The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed in Muller-Hinton agar (Difco) by EUCAST micro-disc diffusion techniques. Measurement of the growth inhibition zone permitted the classification of each isolates as susceptible, intermediate and resistant according to data collected from Bacteriology Laboratory of CDIL (Central Disease Investigation Laboratory). The result of antibiotic sensitivity test was then recorded and analyzed.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, Vol. 04, Issue 02: 67-73, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.journalbinet.com/jbar-040215-44.html

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Colibacillosis and salmonellosis found as the potential importance disease for broiler because their occurrences were high in Kapasia upazilla of Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Gentamicin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were commonly used for the treatment of colibacillosis and salmonellosis. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis gradually increase resistant due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics in feed and water. Further detailed epidemiological and molecular studies are essential on the frequency, sources of acquisition of resistant genes and distribution of antimicrobial resistant of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in broiler. Antibiotic use should be controlled by the authority to prevent the chance of antibiotic resistance in broiler. Antibiotic resistance monitoring program should also be establish in near future to prevent the global antibiotic resistance problem.

Knowledge Management: Journal