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Performance of Mangrove Species Planted Inside Sonneratia Apetala Buch.-ham. Plantations in the Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

Sk. Ahiul Islam
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh

Md. Ahsan Habib
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Quddus Miah
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An elimination trial with eleven mangrove species was conducted inside Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. plantations at Rangabali island of Patuakhali district and Char Kukri-Mukri island of Bhola district, Bangladesh to observe the site-suitability and growth performance of the species. The data on survival, height and diameter growth were recorded from 21 years old matured experimental stands. Some mangrove species showed promising growth performance in the coastal belt. The highest survival was found in Aegiceras corniculatum followed by Phoenix paludosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes and Xylocarpus mekongensis at Rangabali island. In the Char Kukri-Mukri island, the highest survival was recorded for E. agallocha followed by P. paludosa, A. corniculatum, H. fomes and X. mekongensis. Considering the height and diameter growth, the most promising species was E. agallocha and then X. mekongensis, A. corniculatum, H. fomes and P. paludosa in both the islands. Therefore, these mangrove species can be planted inside S. apetala plantations for sustainability of coastal forests in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Coastline, Mangrove Plantation, Underplanting, Survival and Growth

Location: Patuakhali and Bhola district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-1990

End Date: 00-00-1990

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Golpata, Passur, Sundari, Gewa

Objectives:

To describes sustainability (i.e. long term mangrove forest for climate mitigation and green shelter belt) and growth performance (i.e. survival, height and diameter) of 21 years old underplanted mangrove species inside S. apetala plantations in Rangabali island of Patuakhali district and Char Kukri-Mukri island of Bhola district, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Bangladesh Forest Research Institute carried out an elimination trial (i. e. choice of suitable species on the basis of their fast growth rates) along the coastline in two offshore islands, Rangabali under Patuakhali district and Char Kukri-Mukri under Bhola district, Bangladesh. Rangabali is located at latitude 21⁰92´ N and longitude 90⁰45´ E. Char Kukri-Mukri is located at latitude 21⁰85´ N and longitude 90⁰72´ E. The site condition of these two islands was more or less similar. The forest floor was inundated for a period of 6-7 months in a year at planting time in 1990. Annual rainfall varies from 2500-3000 mm and mean maximum and minimum temperature varies between 18⁰C and 32⁰C. Soil of the sites is non-calcareous and silt-clay-loam. Soil salinity in the monsoon and dry season is remarkable varying between 0.3-4.2 dS/m. Soil pH was slightly or moderately alkaline and varying between 7.5-8.0.
The commercially important 11 mangrove species namely Heritiera fomes (sundri), Excoecaria agallocha (gewa), Xylocarpus mekongensis (passur), Xylocarpus granatum (dhundul), Bruguiera sexangula (kankra), Aegiceras corniculatum (khalshi), Cynometra ramiflora (shingra), Ceriops decandra (goran), Lumnitzera racemosa (kirpa), Phoenix paludosa (hantal) and Nypa fruticans (golpata) were included in the underplanting trial. In this study, underplanting means, some of the species were planted under the canopy of an established plantation. Among these planted species, 5 are tree, 4 are shrub and 2 are palm species. The seeds or propagules of these mangrove species were collected from the Sundarbans. Seedlings of all mangrove species except N. fruticans were raised in polybags of size 25 cm x 15 cm or 15 cm. x 10 cm. Only N. fruticans seedlings were raised in muddy soil along the canal side or in the marshy land. Seedlings in the nursery were maintained in the nursery for about 10 months. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Each plot was planted with 100-121 seedlings at a spacing of 1.2m x 1.2m. The plots were fenced to prevent grazing animal interference up to five years of the plantations. Ten-month-old seedlings of the species were planted under 9-12 years old S. apetala plantations, except for N. fruticans seedlings, which were planted when three months old. Regular weeding (four weeding in first year and two weeding in subsequent years) was made up to five years after planting. The data in relation to survival, height and diameter growth were collected from the experimental plantations when the stand was 21 years. Recorded data were computed and analyzed using Excel and Minitab statistical packages.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, eISSN 2312-7945, Vol. 03 (01): 38-44, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.journalbinet.com/jbar-volume-03-issue-01.html

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh is a pioneer country in raising successful plantations with S. apetala along the shoreline and offshore islands. But these plantations are under tremendous pressure due to geomorphological changes in the plantation sites and human interferences. After harvesting this pioneer species, there will be no forests in absence of natural regeneration. Therefore, before harvesting a second rotation forests should be created. The promising species like E. agallocha, A. corniculatum, H. fomes, X. mekongensis and P. paludosa can be recommended for afforestation under the canopy of S. apetala plantation for sustainability of coastal forests. This coastal forest could be a green shelterbelt against all extreme weather events due to climate change in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal