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Interactive Effects of Phosphorus and Zinc in Wheat, Rice and Mungbean

M. N. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1207.

A. Islam
Vice-Chancellor, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

S. Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) to study the effects of P×Zn interactions using three rates of P (0, 40 and 80 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1for each crop) and Zn (0, 5 and l0 kg Zn ha^-1 for wheat and rice and 0, 3 and 6 kg ha^-1 for mungbean). The concentrations of both P and Zn in wheat, rice and mungbean plants were increased with increase in the individual doses of P and Zn, respectively. Interactions of P and Zn were additive and beneficial to the concentration of P and Zn in both wheat and rice plants and on the uptake of both P and Zn by rice plant. Interactions between P and Zn were additive to P concentration while antagonistic to Zn concentration in mungbean plant especially when high rate of P was applied with different rates of Zn. Application of 80 kg P₂O₅, with 5 kg Zn ha^-1 was the most suitable treatment combination for obtaining efficient wheat production. The yields of rice and mungbean were not affected due to P×Zn interactions.

Keywords: Interactions, Antagonism, Synergism, Treatment combinations, Additive

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2000

End Date: 00-00-2000

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Wheat, Rice, Mungbean

Objectives:

To elucidate the effects of P and Zn application and their interactions on the yields of what, rice and mungbean crops under field conditions.

Methodology:

Three separate field experiments were carried out at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka in the year 2000. Composite soil samples collected from the experimental fields to a depth of 0-15 cm were air dried, ground and passed through 2mm sieve for physical and chemical analyses. Soil organic carbon was determined by the wet oxidation method and cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined using 1N ammonium acetate. Soil pH was determined by using Soil:Water ratio of 1:2.5. Available P and Zn were extracted from the soil following Bray-1 method and DTPA extraction method, respectively. The soils used for the cultivation of wheat, rice and mungbean were clay loam in texture. The soil used for wheat had pH 6.0, organic carbon 5.1g Kg^-1, cation exchange Capacity (CEC) 9.7 cmol(p+)kg^-1, available P 27 kg Ha^-1, available S(SO₄²^-) 21 kg Ha^-1 and available Zn 1.25 mg Kg^-1 soil. The soil used for rice had pH 6.2, organic carbon 5.6g Kg^-1, CEC 10.0 cmol(p+)kg^-1, available P 27 kg Ha-1, available S(SO42-) 23 kg Ha-1 and available Zn 1.31 mg Kg-1 soil. The soil used for mungbean had pH 5.8, organic carbon 4.8g Kg-1, CEC 8.5 cmol(p+)kg^-1, available P 27 kg Ha-1, available S(SO42-) 11 kg Ha^-1and available Zn 1.1 mg Kg^-1 soil. The soils of the experimental fields fall in the low to medium fertility status (BARC 1997). The treatment consisted of three rates of P (0, 40 and 80 Kg P₂O₅ Ha^-1 for each crop from triple superphosphate) and three rates of Zn (0, 5 and 10 Kg Zn ha^-1 for wheat and rice and 0,3 and 6 Kg Zn ha^-1 for mungbean from ZnO). therefore rates of P and Zn are designed in the text as P₀, P₁, P₂ and Zn₀, Zn₁, Zn₂, respectively. A basal dose of nitrogen(100 kg N ha-1 from urea applied in two splits for rice and 20kg N ha^-1 all at a time for mungbean), potassium(60Kg K₂O ha^-1 from muriate of potash for wheat and rice and 40 Kg K₂O ha^-1 for mungbean), sulphur ( 20 Kg S ha^-1 from gypsum for Wheat and rice and 10 kg S ha^-1 for mungbean) were applied in every individual plot of 4×3 m for wheat and rice and 4×2.5 m for mungbean. The required amounts of phosphorus and Zinc fertilizers and the total basal amounts of potassium and sulphur fertilizers for each crop were applied at the time of final land preparation. Wheat (cv. Kanchan) in rabi season, rice (cv. BR-3) in aus season (Kharif-1) and mungbean (cv. Kanti) in Kharif-1 season of 2000 were cultivated following their recommended spacings. Total 27 plots for each crop (9 treatments× 3 replications) were laid out in a randomized block design. Plant samples from each individual plot were collected at three growth stages of the crops for chemical analyses. The crops were harvested at maturity and both the grain and straw yields of wheat and rice and only the grain yield of mungbean were recorded. The straw yield data of mungban were not possible to record due to untimely rainfall just aftr final harvest of the pods that resulted in the fall of laves. The collected plant samples were processed, oven-dried and digested with HNO₃:HClO₄ (2:1) mixture. Phosphorus and zinc contents in the plant digests and soil extracts were determined spectrophotometrically by ascorbic acid blue colour method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. Data obtained were statistically analyzed by using the analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp 221-227 (2005)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The concentration of P in most of the sampling stages of wheat, rice and mungbean showed increase when the doses of P were increased. The concentrations of P in plants were increased in most of the growth stages of mungbean only with increase in the doss of Zn. The results of the individual effects of P and Zn and their interactions at different combinations on the concentrations of Zn in wheat, rice and mungbean plants at various stages of growth are presented respectively. The individual effects of P and Zn were highly significant on the concentrations of Zn in almost every growth stage of the crops and Zn concentrations were increased with increasing doses of both P and Zn. the application of 60 kg P₂O₅ with up to 10 kg Zn ha^-1 was the best combination for harnessing efficient rice production. The individual and combined application of P and Zn showed significant effects on the grain yield of mungbean. The yields recorded with different P×Zn treatments were statistically similar and thus indicated the absence of interaction between P and Zn on the grain yield of mungbean (i.e. the yield of mungbean was not affected due to P×Zn interaction).

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