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Effect of P×s Interactions on Nutrient Concentration and Yield of Wheat, Rice and Mungbean

M. N. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1207.

A. Islam
Vice-Chancellor, Daffodil International University, Dhanmodi, Dhaka.

S. Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Interactions between nutrient elements play a dominant role in governing their availability and utilization by plants. In order to study the interaction effects between P and S in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), field experiments were conducted using three rates of P (0, 17.6 and 35.2 kg P ha^-1 for each crop) and three rates of S (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha^-1 for wheat and rice and 0, 10 and 20 kg S ha^-1 for mungbean). The concentrations of P and S were increased with increasing doses of P and S in wheat, rice and mungbean plants. Interactions between P and S resulted in antagonistic effect on P concentration in wheat and rice plants when P and S were applied at higher combinations. The P×S interactions showed additive and beneficial effects on the concentrations and uptake of S by wheat and rice plants and on the concentrations of P and S in mungbean plants. The uptake of P and S by wheat and rice plants was not affected due to P×S interactions. The yields of wheat (grain and straw) was dependent on the rates of P and S application; the higher rates of their application (35.2 kg P + 40 kg S ha^-1) showed antagonism in terms of reduction in the yields. Applications of 35.2 kg P with 20 kg S ha^-1 produced the highest yield of wheat. Interactions between P and S showed additive and beneficial effects on both the grain and straw yields of rice. The highest grain yield of rice was obtained with the application of 17.6 kg P + 20 kg S ha^-1. The P×S interactions at higher rates (35.2 kg P + 20 kg S ha^-1) resulted antagonism on the grain yield of mungbcan.

Keywords: Study, Effect, P×S interactions, Nutrient concentration, Yield of wheat, rice and mungbean

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Wheat, Rice, Mungbean

Objectives:

To study the effect of interaction between P and S on the concentration and uptake of P and S in plants and on the yields of wheat, rice and mungbean crops.

Methodology:

Three field experiments were conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka. Composite soil samples, collected from the fields to a depth of 0-15 cm, were air-dried, ground and passed through 2 mm sieve for physical and chemical analyses. The soils used for the cultivation of wheat, rice and mungbean were clay loam. The soil used for wheat had pH 6.0, organic carbon 5.1 g kg^-1, CEC 9.7 cmol(p+) kg^-1, available P 12 mg kg^-1 and available S 21 mg kg^-1 soil. The soil used for rice had pH 6.2, organic carbon 5.6 g kg^-1 of soil, CEC 10.1 cmol(p⁺) kg^-1, available P 12 mg kg^-1 and available S 23 mg kg^-1 soil. The soil used for mungbean had pH 5.8, organic carbon 4.8 g kg^-1, CEC 8.5 cmol (p⁺) kg-1, available P 12 mg kg^-1 and available S 11 mg kg^-1 soil. According to the interpretation of soil test values based on critical limits the soils of the experimental fields fall in the low to medium fertility status (BARC 1997). Soil organic carbon was determined by wet oxidation method and CEC was determined by using 1 M-ammonium acetate as described. Soil pH was determined by using soil:water ratio of 1:2.5. Available P and S were extracted from the soil following Bray^-1 method and with monocalcium phosphate, respectively. The treatments consisted of 3 rates of P (0, 17.6 and 35.2 kg-1ha^-1) for each crop as TSP and 3 rates of S (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha^-1 for wheat and rice and 0, 10 and 20 kg S ha^-1 for mungbean as gypsum). The rates of P and S are designated in the text as P₀, P₁, P₂ and S₀_, S₁, S₂, respectively. A basal dose of nitrogen (100 kg N ha^-l through urea applied in two splits for wheat and in three splits for rice and 20 kg N ha^-1all at a time for mungbcan), potassium (49.8 kg K ha^-1 from muriate of potash for wheat and rice and 33.2kg K ha^-1 for mungbean) and zinc (5 kg Zn ha^-1 as ZnO for wheat and rice and 3 kg Zn ha^-1 for mungbean) were applied in every individual plot of 4×3m (wheat and rice) and 4×2.5m(mungbean). The calculated amounts of phosphorus and sulphur and the whole amounts of potassium and zinc fertilizers for each crop were applied at the time of final land prepration. Wheat (Kanchan in rabi season, rice (BR-3) in aus season (Kharif-l) and mungbean (Kanti) in kharif^-1 season in 1999 were grown following their recommended spacing. A total of 27 plots for each crop (treatments×replications) were laid out in a randomized block design. Plant samples from each individual plot were collected at three growth stages of the crops for chemical analyses. The crops were harvested at the ripening stages and both the grain and straw yields of wheat and rice and only the grain yield of mungbean were recorded. The straw yield data of mungbean could not be recorded as the leaves had fallen due to untimely rainfall just after harvesting of the pods. Plant samples were oven-dried, processed and digested with HNO₃: HCIO₄ (2:1) mixture. Phosphorus and sulphur contents in the digests and soil extracts were determined by ascorbic acid blue colour and turbidimetric methods, respectively with the help of a spectrophotometer.

Source of Information: Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp 86-91 (2006)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of a suitable balance between P and S for producing increased yields are in agreement with wheat and soybean. Studies) and the nature of P×S interaction depends on their rates of application. The grain and straw yields of rice showed significant increase with increase in the individual rates of S. Combined application of P and S in different combination showed increase in the grain and straw yield when the rate of S was increased in combination with rates of P. This pointed out an additive effect of P×S interactions on rice yields. The highest grain yield of rice (6.20 t ha^-1) was obtained with combined application of 17.6 kg P + 20 kg S ha^-1 (P₁S₁). The data presented in showed the lowest grain yield of mungbean with highest P×S treatment combinations of 35.2 kg P + 20 kg S ha^-1 (P2S2). This indicated P×S antagonism on the yield of mungbean when applied at higher combinations. obtained similar P×S antagonism on the yield of blackgram, soybean and mungbean, respectively, This reduction in yield at higher levels of P and S might be due to reduced uptake of the nutrients and undesirable effects on the growth, development and metabolism).

Knowledge Management: Journal