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Yield and Yield Components of Diploid Induced Tetraploid and Triploid Bitter Gourd

M. A. Miah
Scientific Officer
RARS, BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal

M. A. Newas
Professor
Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. S. Uddin
Scientific Officer
RARS, BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal

M. S. Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
RARS, BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal

M. M. Rahman
Professor
Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The yield and its components were studied with 6 diploids (2 inbreds and 4 hybrids), their induced autotetraploid derivatives and 18 triploid lines of bitter gourd. The diploids showed significant variation from corresponding tetraploids and triploids for most of the characters except fruit length and breadth. The six genotypes those are represented at both ploidy levels were significantly different for all the characters studied except days to flowering, vine length and branches/ vine. Fruit breadth, individual fruit weight and fruits/plant showed significant ploidy x genotype interaction while other characters did not. Individual fruit weight significantly increased with ploidy while days to first flowering, fruits/plant, nodes/vine, vine length, branches/vine and yield/plant deviated conspicuously toward the negative direction due to tetraploidy and triploidy.

Keywords: Yield and yield components, Bitter gourd, Fruits

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-1993

End Date: 31-07-1993

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

To compare yield and yield component characters of several induced autotetraploid and triploid bitter gourd lines with some diploid inbreads and their hybrids.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental Farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from January to July 1993. Six diploid (Zx^-22) lines: Bg12, Bg5, Bg1 x 2, Bg1 x 9, Bg1 x 5, (Bg9 x 12), 6 tetraploid (4x=44) lines: [Bg12_4x, Bg5_4x, (Bg1 x 2)_4x, Bg2 x 5)_4x, (Bg9 X 12)_4x and 18 triploid (3x=33) lines: Bg12_4x x Bg5_2x, Bg12_4x x (Bg1 x 2)_2x, Bg12_4x x (Bg2 x 5)_2x, Bg5_4x x Bg12_2x, Bg5_4x x Bg5_2x, Bg5_4x x (Bg2 x 5)_2x, Bg5_4xx (Bg9 x 12)_2x, (Bg1 x 2)_4x x Bg12_2x, (Bgl x 2)_4xx Bg5_2x, (Bg1 x 2)_4x x (Bg9 x 12)_2x, (Bg2 x 5)_4x x Bg5_2x, (Bg2 x 5)_4x x (Bg1 x 9)_2x, (Bg2 x 5)_4x x (Bg2 x 5)_2x, (Bg2 x 5)_4xx (Bg9 x 12)_2x, (Bg9 x 12)_4x x Bg52x, (Bg9 x 12)_4x x (Bg1 x 9)_2x, (Bg9 x 12)_4x x (Bg2 x 5)_2x and (Bg9 x 12)_4x x (Bg9 x 12)_2x]. Four hybrids and two inbred lines of diploid (2x= 22) were selected for induction of tetraploids. The induced tetraploid lines were crossed with several inbreds and some hybrids to develop triploid lines. In this way 18 triploids were developed. Fresh tetraploids were developed from 6 diploids by treating the germinating seeds with colchicine (0.25%) and the eutetraploids were screened by chromosome counts. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The seedlings of 35 days old were planted on 4 February 1993 maintaining a distance of 1.5 m from plant to plant in a plot. Data on various characters viz. days to flowering (male and female), fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm), individual fruit weight (g), number of fruits/plant, yield/plant (g), nodes/vine (no.), vine length (cm) and branches/vine (no.) were recorded and analyzed.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, Vol-24(2), pp. 201-209, June 1999, ISSN 0258-7122.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above results, it is observed that fruit length was increased slightly while fruit weight showed significant increase in tetraploids as compared to those of diploids. Fruit breadth was also increased in a few tetraploids, while number of fruits decreased significantly. All other characters have been changed in negative direction. Increase in some characters and decrease in others indicated that there might be differences in controlling mechanisms exerted on different parts of the same plant. Chromosome doubling might have caused changes in physiology of the plants as it was in morphological traits. Such physiological changes might have some differential influence on growth and development of different plant parts. Findings supported the present assumption who found no changes in endosperm development by faster rate of embryonic development in polyploids as compared to some Graminaceous diploid species.

Knowledge Management: Journal