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Effect of Different Levels of Soil Salinity on the Growth and Yield Performance of Wheat (triticum Aestivum) and Barley (hordeum Vulgare)

Anil C. Aich
Agronomist
Bangladesh Water Development Board. Dhaka. Bangladesh.

S.M. Nabi
PSO
Harticulture Research Centre. BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Anwar Iqbal
PSO (S&I)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Relative salt tolerance Iimit, growth and yield performance wheat (cv. Kanchan) and barley (cv. API-19) grown at six and 13.5 dSm^-1 were studied in the coastal saline soils of Satkhira. Tile experiments were laid on concrete bed culture during the dry seasons of 1989 and 1190. The cretical limit of wheat and barley. tolerance to soil salinity for 10 percent yield reduction were at -4.2, and 7.3 dSm^-1, for 25 percent yield loss were 6.7 and 9.4 dSm^-1 and for 50 percent yield reduction were 10.8 and 12.7 dSm^-1 respectively. The growth and yield performance of wheat and barley decreased significantly with increasing level of soil salinity but wheat was more vulnerable to increasing soil salinity level than barley. The average decrease was 88 to 36 and 76 to 29 in case of percent germination; 62 to 31 and49.6 to 36.5 cm in plant height; 47.6 to 33.5 and 38.6 to 28.1 gm in 1000 fiIled grain; 1.81 t/ha to 0.53 t/ha and 2.62 t/ha to 1.03 t/ha in grain yield at Ece 1.6 dSm^-1 to 13.5 dSm^-1 respectively. Total days needed tor seed germination tended to increase considerably with increasing soil salinity.

Keywords: Soil salinity, Growth, Yield, Wheat, Barley

Location: Satkhira district

Start Date: 00-00-1989

End Date: 00-00-1990

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Barley, Wheat, Soil salinity

Objectives:

To find the salt tolerance Iimit, growth and yield performance of wheat and barley at different soil salinity levels.

Methodology:

Surface (0-15 cm) saline soils from six different locations were collected from the salt affected areas of Satkhira district. Important physico-chemical properties of those saline soiIs were determined by following standard methods. Two modern dry land crops, wheat (cv. Kanchan) and barley( cv. API-19) were grown at the experimental station of Benerpota. The experiments were laid on concrete beds of l m³ capacity during the dry seasons of 1989 and 1990. The beds were filled with six different saline soils of Satkhira having mean Ece value of 1.6,3.8,6.5,8.5, 11.5 and 13.5 dSm^-1. The experimental design was RCB having three replications. The rate of fertilizers were 80-60-40 kg of NPK/ha respectively. One third of N and all P and K were applied as basal and the rest N was applied in two equal splits as top dressing. Reserve pond water (Ece 0.90 to 1.2 dSm^-1) was applied to each plot at three alternate days throughout the growing period. The seeds were sown during first week of December and the plants were harvested at maturity during second week of March. Various growth parameters and dry matter yields were recorded. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (Ece) was measured at an interval of 20 days. Mean Ece was calculated with five observations of Ece.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agri. 1997,22: 35-39

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded that Kanchan variety of wheat is comparatively less salt tolerant than barley (cv. API-19). The expected 50 percent yield decrement of wheat and barley were found to occur at Ece 10.8 dSm^-1 and 12.7 dSm^-1 respectively. However, the Ece of soil at peak period usually is less than these values. These two crop cultivars thus may be grown in sIightly saline soil to moderately saline coastal soils of Bangladesh during rabi season with yield reduction.

Knowledge Management: Journal