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Yield and Protein Quality of Maize Grain as Affected by Fetilizer Application.

S. M. Imamul Huq
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment with maize ( Zca mays L.) under irrigated condition on a Sulfic Tropaquept soil at 9 rates of nitrogen applications with constants rates of P, K and 3 widely varying rates of P K and with constant N application showed a four fold increase in grain yield at 200 k g N ha^-1 (3.73 t ha^-1) after which the yield decreased. the yield of crude protein as well as its concentration inn grain however, in creased up to an application of 350 kg N ha^-1. A combination of P an d K of 75 and 225 kg ha^-1, respectively at 300 kg N ha^-1 gave about a ten fold increase in grain yield over no P and n o K application. The crude protein yields was also the maximum at this combination although the concentration of CP was at its maximum for no P and n o K application. Increase in grain CP was accompanied by a decrease in its quality as indicated by the amino acid content in grain protein. Lyine showed a significant decrease (Y=4.192-0.75 N, r =0.7X4) with increasing crude protein content. The yield per hectare of the EAA as well as the non EAA however increase with increasing dry matter yield as influenced by fertilizer application. increasing the content of a particular amino acid in grain protein to raise the nutritional quality of it by applying plan nutrients in excess of what is needed t o avoid nutrient deficiency and decrease in yields is possible only if such an application do not increase the CP or N content. However, production per unit area of individual amino and always increase s with increase in dry matter yield which can otherwise compensate the degraded protein quality.

Keywords: Yield, Protein quality, Maize grain, Investigate

Location:

Start Date: 00-01-1980

End Date: 00-05-1980

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of different levels of N, P and K fertilization on grain yield, grain protein content and grain amino acid composition of a local variety of maize.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out on plots of 9 M² on a Sulfic Tropaquept soil situated in the premises during the dry season (January to May) of 1980 under irrigated conditions. The soil was clay loam having a pH 0.1 N CaCI₂ of 5.3, poor in N and P but rich in available K and Na supply. Commercial limestone applied at the rate of 7 t ha^-1 raised the pH or the soil on an average t o 6.8. There were two sets of fertilizer treatments e. g., (i) nine levels of N at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, I 50, 200, 250, 350 and 450 kg ha^-1 in triplicate with a basal dose of 225 kg P and 150 kg K ha^-1; (ii) 'P, K' treatments" containing three levels of P and K, at the rates of 25. 75 and 225 kg ha-1 in all combinations in triplicates with a basal dose of 300 kg N ha^-1_. Fifteen kg per ha of Mg were included in all the treatments. N, P, K and Mg fertilizers were supplied as ammonium sulphate, potassium chloride, triple super phosphate and magnesium carbonate respectively. The N treatments were arranged in a systematic and the 'P+ K treatments' in a factorial design. Three extra plots of the same size received 200 kg N ha^-1 and 15 kg Mg ha^-1 but no P and K fertilizers. The fertilizers were mixed together and were applied double bands. The doses of N ( 150 kg ha-1 and above) were split into 2 or 3 portions. The first dose was applied before sowing, the second between 18 and 21 days after germination of the seeds and the last portion at the tasseling stape of the crop. The plots were manually seeded with a locally improved variety of maize known as "Suwan-1" which is resistant to downy mildew disease. It is a composite, flint-type variety, derived from random mating of 36 lines. The population on density was 67,000 plants ha^-1. Furrow irrigation was applied from 7 days after emergence of the seedlings and continued until 15 t o 20 days before harvesting to maintain the water at the root zone depth approximately at field capacity. Adequate plant protection measures were taken through out the growing season. The harvesting at maturity took place 95 to 100 days after germination. Dry matter content was determined by drying at 85°C for 4 h. for chemical analyses, sun-dried seeds were ground and passed through a 0.5 m m sieve. Total N was determined by the micro-K jeldahl method and the crude protein was calculated by multiplying with 6.25. Amino acids determined on an LKB Amino Acid Analyzer, Model 4104, using lithium buffer system after oxidizing and hydrolyzing the ground grains according to a slightly modified procedure.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 16 (1): 53-62, 1987 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is observed that the increasing N concentration i.e., increasing protein in grain significantly reduced the lysine concentration in it thereby degrading its quality. The increasing crude protein in grain was the outcome of increased N fertilization to obtain higher yield or grain. It could aptly be said from the present observation that the concentration of grain nitrogen is the main factor that determines the amino acid composition and ultimately the quality of maize grains. P and K influence the yield of dry matter, crude protein and amino acid compo i ti on of grain protein only indirectly by influencing t he nitro gen utili1.ation.

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