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Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Iron Salt on Shingi Fish Heteropneustes Fossils (bloch) and Its Possible Impacts on Human Health

Iftear Jahan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Abdus Salam
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Niamul Naser
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. Nur Alam Siddiki
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The freshwater Stinging catfish locally known as Shingi (Heteropneustes fossilis) is exposed to various concentrations of analytical grade FeSO₄.7H₂O. The LC₅₀ values for Fe ²⁺ were found to be 109, 68 and 45 mg/l at 24, 48 and 72 hrs, respectively indicating that the toxicity increased with time. Gills appear to be the first target organ for iron toxicity followed by the liver and muscle. Moisture contents in fish tissue increased due to release of the toxicant by biological way. Protein and lipid contents are decreased and ash content is increased with the increase of exposure time. In contrast, iron is relatively nontoxic to Shingi fish at low dose, but long time exposure has adverse effects in fish tissue. Thus, exposure to iron salt at toxic level resulted in accumulation of iron in fish tissue. Hence, the consumption of this type of contaminated fish might have detrimental effect on human health. However, this needs extensive study to make any final conclusion.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Iron toxicity, Shingi Fish, Heteropneustes fossils

Location: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

i) To measure the extent of the toxicity of iron on the Shingi fish Heteropneustes fossils

ii) To determine of LC₅₀ values for FeSO₄.7H₂O in Shingi fish and measure the effects of the iron exposure to its tissue.

Methodology:

Water bottom living Heteropneustes fossils a common indigenous fish (local name: Shingi) of Bangladesh were collected from the same pond having similar size and weight. Analytical grade FeSO₄.7H₂O (Merck, Germany) were used to study the toxicological effects of iron on the fish. The fish were exposed to iron of different concentrations for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and the cumulative mortality rate was observed. The water quality maintained in the experiment were good for aquatic animal as in average pH 6.4, dissolved oxygen 5.75 mg/l, hardness 100 mg/l and temperature 27.5 ºC. Different organs (gills, liver and muscles) were collected in small glass tube and preserved in the refrigerator for analysis. To determine the iron uptake small amount of different sample was digested separately by using a mixture of HNO₃ and HClO₄ in 2:1 ratio. The digested solutions were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (Varian AA 240). The total iron intake was calculated by subtracting the concentration of iron in the control fish from that of experimental fish. The mass of the fish tissue was recorded before and after the heating in an oven using aluminum foil at a temperature of 110 ºC to measure the moisture content. Protein content in fish tissue was determine. After extraction the lipid content was determined by following the procedure used by Bligh and Dyer rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. The dry ash content was measured by heating a known amount of dry fish in an open flame using a crucible and then cooled and weighed. Heating was continued until constant weight was obtained varying from 500 to 600 ºC. Subtraction of dry ash content from the taken weight of dry sample measures the organic contents of the fish tissue.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(2): 179-182, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present results support the general hypothesis that iron is relatively non-toxic to fish compared with other trace metals with regard to direct acute toxicity. But the high LC₅₀ values with time indicate that the over dose amount of iron can be toxic to the fish if exposed for a longer time. Thus, exposure to iron at toxic level resulted in accumulation of the metal in fish tissue. Rapid industrialization in Bangladesh has resulted in increased water pollution that has higher iron level. Fishes living in this type of water may have higher level of iron in their tissue. Therefore, intake of this type of fishes might have adverse effects on human health. However, the assessment of oral level in human health issues due to consumption of iron overloaded fish need to be explored.

Knowledge Management: Journal