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Development of an Effective Mass Rearing Method for Trichogramma Evanescens and T. Chilonis Using Two Different Hosts

K. BEGUM
Senior Scientific Officer
Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur;

M. Z. ALAM
professor
Department of Entomology, BSMRAU, Gazipur

S. N. ALAM
Chief Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to develop an effective mathod for mass rearing of Trichogramma evanescens and T. chilonis under laboratory condition and to assess the effect of parasitoid age and the age of host eggs to ensure maximum parasitization. The parasitoids were reared on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Corcyra cephalonica under 27±2°C, 65±5% RH and natural photoperiod. The results showed that adult emergence exceeded 90% on both the hosts and egg parasitizations ranged from 81.13 to 94.47%. The adult longevity and emergence rates ranged from 4.1 to 4.5 days and 90.86% to 91.13%, respectively. The overall results manifested no significant difference. Higher egg parasitism was caused by T. chilonis reared on C. cephalonica eggs (94.47%) compared to T. evanescens (93.87%). Effect of different ages (8, 16, 24 h) of eggs on parasitism did not differ significantly. In both the studies, the developmental period of T. evanescens inside the host eggs remained almost similar, while the 24 h old T. evanescens parasitized eggs (96.75%) was followed by 48 h old parasitoids (87.25%). Use of younger parasitoids and host eggs were found better for parasitization. The suitable age of host eggs was found to be 8-24 h to achieve maximum parasitization for large scale production of T. evanescens. It was also found that under laboratory conditions, both T. evanescens and T. chilonis were effective for rearing.

Keywords: Parasitoid, Trichogramma spp, Mass culture, Sitotroga cerealella, Corcyra cephalonica.

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 00-03-2010

End Date: 00-05-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

(i) To develop an economic and effective method for mass rearing of T. evanescens and T. chilonis under laboratory condition

(ii) To assess the effect of parasitoid age and the age of host eggs to ensure maximum parasitization.

Methodology:

This study was carried out in the IPM laboratory of Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during March - May, 2010. Collection of laboratory host eggs: The eggs of S. cerealella and C. cephalonica were used. Fresh egg masses of the moths were collected and reared on wheat grain in a special (moths were collected automatically from moth rearing chamber) mass-rearing chamber. For collection of C. cephalonica eggs, 100 adults were kept (by maintaining 1:1 sex ratio) in a plastic container (3500 cc) fastened with 32 mesh net on its mouth. Some wire nets were placed inside the plastic container for laying eggs of the moths. The adult moths were kept in the container for one day for mating and subsequent egg laying. Next day, the adults and their body parts were removed from the container. The fresh eggs were collected on a clean paper by shaking and putting down the top of the container. Collection of Trichogramma spp.: Two Trichogramma spp. (T. chilonis and T. evanescens) were used in this study. These were initially obtained as pupae in egg card from the IPM laboratory of the Entomology Division of BARI. Preparation of eggs strips: For preparing the egg strips, i) paper strip (10 cm x 1 cm) with different colour (white for S. cerealella and light green for C. cephalonica) and labeling, ii) acacia powder of Acacia arabica, iii) distilled water, iv) small Petri dish, and v) dropper were collected. At first 10% acacia gum was prepared in a small Petri dish by mixing acacia powder with distilled water. Mixing of water was done very carefully with a dropper to maintain proper viscosity of the gum so that it could hold the host eggs firmly on the paper strip. One thousand five hundred eggs of each host were counted separately. One hundred fresh eggs were counted and kept on a paper sheet (10 cm × 10cm) separately for each host. Trichogramma stock cultures: Emerged parasitoids were maintained in eggs of S.cerealella. The parasitism efficiency of T. chilonis and T. evanescens was evaluated on S. cerealella and C. cephalonica eggs. For the parasitization, one strip containing 100 host eggs of each host and five pairs of Trichogramma sp. were placed together in individual test tube (15 cm × 3 cm). Effect of the age of S. cerealella eggs on oviposition preference of T. evanescens: Sitotroga cerealella eggs of 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h of age were exposed for parasitization by T. evanescens females in a no-choice experiment. Parasitism of S. cerealella eggs as influenced by the age of the female T. evanescens: In this study, the effect of age of T. evanescens female on the extent of parasitization of S. cerealella was investigated. Female T. evanescens of 4 age groups (24, 48, 72, and 96 h after emergence) were used in this study.

Source of Information: Bangladesh j. entomol. (2013) 23(1), 79-88

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The parasitoids were reared on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Corcyra cephalonica under 27±2°C, 65±5% RH and natural photoperiod. The results showed that adult emergence exceeded 90% on both the hosts and egg parasitizations ranged from 81.13 to 94.47%. The adult longevity and emergence rates ranged from 4.1 to 4.5 days and 90.86% to 91.13%, respectively. The overall results manifested no significant difference. Higher egg parasitism was caused by T. chilonis reared on C. cephalonica eggs (94.47%) compared to T. evanescens (93.87%). The suitable age of host eggs was found to be 8-24 h to achieve maximum parasitization for large scale production of T. evanescens. It was also found that under laboratory conditions, both T. evanescens and T. chilonis were effective for rearing.

Knowledge Management: Journal