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Study of Hydrochemistry and Pollution Status of the Buriganga River, Bangladesh

M. Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

M. N. Uddin
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

N. C. Bhoumik
Wazed Miah Science Research Centre, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

K. S. Ahmed
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

J. B. Islam
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. L. Rahman
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The hydrochemistry and pollution status of tannery effluent as well as the Buriganga River were studied. The water quality parameters namely temperature, pH, salinity, TDS, EC, DO, COD, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn of tannery effluent were 22.8-31.5?, 7.4-10.6, 3920-6280 mg/l, 4680-7220 mg/l, 7070-10810 µs, 0.3-1.1 mg/l, 1020-3800 mg/l, 7.7656 mg/l, 0.0198 mg/l, 0.2070 mg/l, 0.0304 mg/l and 0.3021 mg/l, respectively whereas in water of the Buriganga River were 22.0-31.6 o C, 6.2-7.8, 69-642 mg/l, 97-871 mg/l, 146-1309 µs, 1.1-4.1 mg/l, 140-800 mg/l, 0.0306-0.2163 mg/l, 0.0018-0.0162 mg/l, 0.0663-0.2486 mg/l, 0.0112-0.0238 mg/l and 0.0878-0.2948 mg/l, respectively. According to the statistical analysis Salinity, EC, TDS, COD, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn show positive correlations with each other and negative correlations with Temp. and DO. Ecological risk factor shows that Cr is the highest risk metal for ecosystem. The hydrochemistry has been revealed that the water is not safe for aquatic lives.

Keywords: Water quality parameters; Toxic metal; Aquatic lives; Ecosystem; Correlation; Risk assessment

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To understand the correlation among water quality parameters with increasing distance and the hydrochemistry of the Buriganga River.

Methodology:

The water samples from the Buriganga River were collected for physicochemical parameters from 60 cm and for heavy metals from 2.5 meters deep from surface by grab method. The samples are collected form 100 ± 5m inner from the bank. For collecting sample from different selected stations 500 ml non-transparent plastic bottles were used. First, the bottles were washed by detergent solution and after that these were treated with 2% nitric acid solution overnight and finally, washed with deionized water. After that the sample bottles have been dried in the air. During sampling the prior marked sample bottles were washed with sampling water and tightly screwed after sample collection. The samples were collected from the tannery effluent drain and from the River. After collection of sample, DO and pH were observed in the spot. Finally, they were carefully carried to laboratory by ice carrier and preserve in a refrigerator to prevent microbial decomposition of organic and inorganic materials present in the sample water. The samples were taken to the normal temperature before analysis. Samples were analyzed in the Inorganic Research laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University. The salinity, conductivity, TDS, pH and DO were measured instrumentally. A high precision electrical balance ‘KERN, ABS 220-4’ was used for weighing. For toxic metal concentration determination samples were preconcentrated and then the sample was filtered through a nylon membrane filter. For toxic metal analysis an aliquot of 100 ml of each sample was taken into a 100 ml of pyrex volumetric flask. Then 1 M concentrated HCl (9 ml) was added followed by 1 M concentrated HNO 3 (3 ml). The content of the volumetric flask was carefully heated in sand bath nearly to dryness in fume hood. After cooling the volumetric flask at room temperature, deionized water was added to the sample up to the mark of flask. Then, the sample was filtered and the filtrate was collected in a 250 ml screw cap plastic bottle. Finally, they were preserved for the determination of metal concentration. The AAS was calibrated for all the metals by running different concentration of standard solutions. Average value of three replicates was taken for each data. The detection limit was 0.003 mg/l. Metal concentrations were measured using ‘GAF-7000’ furnace. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were computed to show the average behavior of the parameters and their dispersions. Pearson’s correlation (r) represented the association among the parameters as well as between parameters and distance of sampling stations from the tannery area. One way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to show the equality of mean values of the water quality parameters. For further quest, Post Hoc Test, Duncun Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in particular, was performed to prevail extent of variations among the means by grouping the means into subgroups. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (16.0 version) software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 123-134, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This work reveals the present pollution status of the Buriganga River by observing temp., pH, salinity, EC, TDS, DO and COD. These parameters show significantly correlations (P<0.01) with each other. Temp. and DO show seasonal variations (p<0.05). Rest of the parameters like pH, Salinity, TDS, EC and COD did not vary over seasons (p<0.05). Except Temp. (p<0.05), all other parameters are significantly different in different sampling stations. During February, 2013 Br-4 showed the higher inorganic pollution by value of salinity, TDS and EC as 642 mg/l, 871 mg/l and 1309 µs, respectively. At the same time tannery effluent showed 4890 mg/l, 5720 mg/l and 8580 µs, respectively. But tannery effluent shows the highest EC value during the August, 2013 as 10810 µs. According to the organic pollution Br-3 is more polluted station during February, 2013 by DO and COD as 1.1 mg/l and 800 mg/l, respectively. At the same time tannery effluent showed DO and COD as 0.3 mg/l and 3800 mg/l, respectively. According to the above data water of the Buriganga River is polluted by the DoE suggested values for EC, DO and COD and the water is not safe for drinking, household, industrial and irrigation purpose. Br-2 and 3 are contaminated by Cr as 0.2163 mg/l and 0.143 mg/l, by Cd as 0.0148 mg/l and .0162 mg/l, by Ni as 0.2294 mg/l and 0.2486 mg/l, respectively during June, 2013. Based on inorganic pollution Br-4 is most polluted station and both are unsuitable for drinking, household and industrial use. According to ecological risk index Cr is the highest risk metal for ecosystem. During dry season there is no fish in Buriganga according to the fisherman’s statement. Thus the authorities should take necessary steps to prevent the untreated industrial and municipal discharge by installing effluent treatment plant and no permission should be given to setup new industries without setting effluent treatment plant.

Knowledge Management: Journal