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Studies on the Fractionation of Native and Applied Copper in Some Soils of Bangladesh

Sultana Ahmed
PSO (SSD)
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.) Box 4., Mymensingh, Bangladesh

S. M. Rahman
PSO (SSD)
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.) Box 4., Mymensingh, Bangladesh

P. Sachdev
Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India

D. L. Deb
Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The distribution of native and applied copper in some soil fractions were determined for five representative soils of Bangladesh. The total copper content range from 35 to 135 µg/g soil with a mean of 61.0 µg/g in the 5 soils. The data obtained on the amounts of native and applied copper distributed among various chemical fractions showed that the water soluble and exchangeable copper is the lowest among all the fractions (0.3-0.7 µg/g soil in case of native and 0.042-0.31 µg/g soil in case of applied copper). The very small amount of the water soluble and exchangeable fraction are likely to be insufficient to support plant growth under intensive cropping system. Tracer studies using ⁶⁴Cu showed that the copper occluded by oxides was the dominant fraction which varied from 30-41.5 percent of the applied copper in the 5 soils.

Keywords: Fractionation of native and applied copper, Physico-chemical properties, Soils of Bangladesh

Location: Farmers field of Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

-To investigate on the retention of copper in soil fraction

-To fractionate main forms of native and applied copper using ⁶⁴Cu as a tracer in some soils of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out with five soils representing five major soil groups of Bangladesh. Bulk soil samples were collected mostly from farmers' field from 0-30 cm depth. Necessary precaution was taken to avoid the contamination during processing of soil samples. The soils were air dried, grounded, sieved through 2mm sieve and used for fractionation studies in the laboratory. Information on soils under study along with some physico-chemical properties were find out following standard laboratory procedure. Soils were analyzed for different forms of copper viz. (i) solution and exchangeable Cu extracted by 0.05CaCl_{2 ⁽ⁱⁱ⁾}Cu bound by inorganic sites extracted with 2.5 percent acetic acid (iii) Cu bound by organic sites extracted by 0.IM potassium pyrophosphate (iv) Cu occluded by free oxides extracted through acid oxalate and (v) residual copper determined by difference( total Cu- all the fractions added together). Fractionation of soil copper was done on 10g and 5g soil in duplicate sets. For determining the fate of applied copper in soil, 10 and 5g samples, each from the five soils were incubated in duplicate for 24 hours with 10 µg Cu/g soil labelled with ⁶⁴Cu in glass containing 1cm standing water. Solution and exchangeable copper and copper bound by inorganic sites were extracted using 10g/soil. Copper bound by organic sites and copper occluded by free oxides were extracted using 5g soil. After the expiry of the desired time of incubation, the samples were transferred to centrifuge with 200 ml 0.IM K-pyrophosphate and shaken overnight, then centrifuged. To assess the amount of recovery of applied copper ⁶⁴Cu was estimated in each fraction by a single channel Gamma Ray Spectrophotometer. The amount of applied copper in the residual fraction has been calculated by subtracting to total of applied copper recovered in different soil fractions from the amount of copper applied (10 µg Cu/g soil).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 22(1&2), 9-15, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The data obtained on the amounts of native and applied copper distributed among various chemical fractions showed that the water soluble and exchangeable copper is the lowest among all the fractions (0.3-0.7 µg/g soil in case of native and 0.042-0.31 µg/g soil in case of applied copper. The very small amount of the water soluble and exchangeable fraction are likely to be insufficient to support plant growth under intensive cropping system. Tracer studies using ⁶⁴Cu showed that the copper occluded by oxides was the dominant fraction which varied from 30-41.5 percent of the applied copper in the 5 soils.The results of the present study may form a basis for detailed study on copper fractionation in Bangladesh soils in order to evaluate the contribution of each fraction on plant growth.

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