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Effect of Irrigation and Soil Moisture Regimes on Garlic

M. R. Islam
Soil Science Division, Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Chandraghona, Rangarnati.

S. N. Mozumder
Horticulture Division, ARS, Raikhali, Rangamati.

A. J. M. S. Karim
Department of Soil Science, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to study the response of garlic on different soil moisture regimes. A local cultivar of garlic was grown under six different irrigation schedules along with non irrigated (control). Six irrigation schedules were considered allowing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60 % depletion of field capacity (FC) moisture. A significant improvement in different growth parameters, yield and yield attributes as well as gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio was observed in response to supplemental irrigation over control. The plots irrigated at 10% and 20% depletion of field capacity moisture content (FMC) performed significantly superior over control in respect of all the parameters. The bulb yield recorded in the plots irrigated at 10% and 20% depletion of FMC (5.85 t/ha and 5.09 t/ha, respectively) which were 174% and 139 % higher over the control (2.13 t/ha). Maintenance of higher soil moisture regime reduced the amount of irrigation water and ultimately lowered the total water use (TWU) of the crop. It also increased the gross return (Tk. 146.4 and 127.3 thousand/ha), net return (Tk.102.7 and 84.8 thousand/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.33 and 2.99). The total water use for irrigation at 10% and 20% depletion of field capacity moisture were 127.5 and 158.5 mm, respectively which was considerably lower than any other irrigated plots. Bulb yield recorded in irrigated plots under 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% depletion of FMC (4.62, 3.92, 2.93, 2.67 t/ha, respectively) were significantly higher over control. Plant characters responded positively with proper water management.

Keywords: Garlic, Irrigation, Soil moisture

Location: Experimental farm, Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1995

End Date: 00-00-1996

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Garlic

Objectives:

To determine the optimum soil moisture for maximum growth and yield under different soil moisture regimes.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the 28th Agro-ecological zone of the experimental farm, Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture, Salna, Gazipur in the winter season of 1995-1996. The soil of the experimental site is terrace soil, which is equivalent to Orchrapt sub order of USDA soil taxonomy. The soil pH of the experimental plots was 5.7 and bulk density was 1.4 g/cm³. The soil moisture at field capacity and soil moisture at wilting point of the experimental field was 29.1 g/100 g and 15.5 g/100 g soil. The experimental site situated on sub tropical climatic zone characterized by heavy rainfall during six month. The average rainfall of the locality was 2193 mm . The average rainfall during growing period was 136.1 mm. A randomized complete block design was used with seven treatments with four replications. The treatments were: l₀= No irrigation after seedling establishment, I₁= Irrigation at 60 % depletion of field capacity moisture content (FMC), l₂= Irrigation at 50 % depletion of FMC, l₃= Irrigation at 40 % depletion of FMC, l₄= Irrigation at 30 % depletion of FMC, I₅= Irrigation at 20 % depletion of FMC and l₆= Irrigation at 10 % depletion of FMC. The unit plot was 2.5x2.4m and 1m space between two plots in each replication and 1.5m space between two plots of adjacent replication with plant spacing 15 x 10cm. Well-decomposed cowdung was used @IO t/ha at final land preparation. N, P₂O₅, K₂O wre used at the rate of 100, 120, 200 kg/ha in the form of urea, TSP and MP, respectively. The entire amount of cowdung, TSP, MP and half of urea were applied during land preparation. The rest of urea was used IS days after sowing. After planting of garlic cloves (@ 300 kg/ha), each plot was moister uniformly in every alternate day up to 26 days after planting by a calibrated watering can to ensure emergence and proper establishment of seedlings. Soil moisture status under each treatment was monitored Gravimetrically at 10cm interval covering the rooting depth or crop at regular interval of 5-7 days from planting to harvesting of the crop. The data were used for computing soil water depletion for determining the lime and quantity or irrigation requirements. Irrigation requirements for the treatments receiving irrigation water at different extent of soil moisture depletion were determined on the basis of soil moisture status of the concerned plots. Using FCMC and allowable limit of depletion from FCMC for l₁, l₂, l₃, l₄, I₅ and l₆ treatments. Irrigation time was determined by comparing the existing soil moisture status of the plot with correspondent critical moisture value. Weeding and other cultural operations were done as and when required. Fifteen plants were collected randomly from each plot at vegetative and harvested date. Individual plant performance was calculated from the average of fifteen plants. The crop was harvested on 15th February 1996. Data of different parameters were statistically analyzed by MSTAT programme with LSD test. The polynomial regression analysis was done and optimum dose of irrigation frequencies for maximum Yield and economic yield were calculated from simple polynomial regression equations.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Hort.,26(1&2):24-28, 1998; ISSN:0379-4288.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The bulb yield recorded in the plots irrigated at 10% and 20% depletion of FMC (5.85 t/ha and 5.09 t/ha, respectively) which were 174% and 139 % higher over the control (2.13 t/ha). Maintenance of higher soil moisture regime reduced the amount of irrigation water and ultimately lowered the total water use (TWU) of the crop. It also increased the gross return (Tk. 146.4 and 127.3 thousand/ha), net return (Tk.102.7 and 84.8 thousand/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.33 and 2.99). The total water use for irrigation at 10% and 20% depletion of field capacity moisture were 127.5 and 158.5 mm, respectively which was considerably lower than any other irrigated plots. Bulb yield recorded in irrigated plots under 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% depletion of FMC (4.62, 3.92, 2.93, 2.67 t/ha, respectively) were significantly higher over control. Plant characters responded positively with proper water management. From the present study, it can be said that allowing soil moisture depletion at 10% of FMC i.e. maintaining a soil moisture of 90% of FC by the application of 119.4 mm of water through 10 irrigation at an interval of 7 to 10 days, a satisfactory yield (t/ha) and net return can be obtained in the Red Brown Terrace soil of the Agro-ecological Zone # 28.

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