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Phytochemical Investigation with Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activities of Chloroform Extract of the Leaves of Kalanchoe Pinnata

S.K. Biswas
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh.

R. Mowla
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Dhaka University, Bangladesh.

M.A. Akbar
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Dhaka University, Bangladesh.

M.A. Muhit
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Dhaka University, Bangladesh.

S.Z. Raihan
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Dhaka University, Bangladesh.

A. Chowdhury
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Kalanchoe pinnata is used in traditional medicines for the treatment of several health problems in Bangladesh. The study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of the chloroform extract of the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata. Qualitative phyto chemical analysis was also performed for the identification of several phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugar, tannins and terpenoids. The study revealed that the plant extract contained all of the phytoconstituents except steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids. The agar disc diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial activities of the plant extract at 500 μg disc^-1 against eight bacterial strains. The plant extract showed very low antibacterial activities with zone of inhibition ranging from 0.33±0.02 to 1.67±0.02 mm, while the maximum antibacterial action was recorded against E. coli with zone of inhibition of 1.67±0.02 mm but no sensitivity was found against V. cholerae. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract was compared with the standard drug, Levofloxacin which was used at 10 μg disc^-1. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was also done to find out the cytotoxic activity of the plant sample. The chloroform extract of the plant showed lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii (LC₅₀: 125.89 and LC₉₀: 234.42 μg mL^-1. Finally, it was concluded that the chloroform extract of the plant leaves possessed considerable cytotoxic activity with less antibacterial potentials

Keywords: Chemical analysis, Antibacterial activity, Cytotoxic activity

Location: Ramchandrapur, Magura, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2009

End Date: 00-12-2009

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Koroi

Objectives:

To find out the cytotoxic properties and antibacterial activities of the chloroform extract of the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata.

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of plant samples: The leaves of the medicinal plant were collected in December 2009 at day time from Ramchandrapur, Magura, Bangladesh. The undesirable materials were separated from leaves and after that, the leaves were air-dried for three weeks. The plant parts were ground into fine powder and kept in an air-tight container until use. About 200 g of powder of the plant material was soaked in 1000 mL of chloroform in a glass container which was sealed and stored for three weeks followed by continuous shaking. Finally, the crude mixture was filtered and the obtained filtrate was completely evaporated to give a gummy concentrate as crude chloroform extract.

Preliminary phytochemical screening: The freshly prepared chloroform extract of Kalanchoe pinnata was qualitatively tested for the presence of phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, gums, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugar, tannins and terpenoids. The standard procedures as preliminary screening were used to identify the presence of different phytoconstituents in the plant extract.

Test of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the plant extract: The cytotoxic activity of the crude extract was investigated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the growth of inhibition of the bacterial strains.

Statistical analysis: Three replicates of each sample were used for statistical analysis and the results of the experiment were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD).

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Physiology, 7: 41-46.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajpp.2012.41.46

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained from this study suggested that the chloroform extract of the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata might contain anticancer and antibacterial compounds. However, more research work is needed to isolate the active chemical compounds with their chemical structures elucidation.

Knowledge Management: Journal