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Effectiveness of Different Substrate Materials to Prepare Trichoderma Harzianum Based Bio-fungicides to Control Foot and Root Rot (fusarium Oxysporum) of Tomato

M. I. Faruk
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.

M. L. Rahman
Chief Scientific Officer
Training and Communication Wing

M. M. Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.

R. Islam
Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.

M. A. Rahman
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness Trichoderma harzianum based bio-fungicides multiplied on different substrates. The substrates was rice bran. wheat bran. grass pea bran and their combinations with mustard oilcake (MOC) were used to mass culture T. harzianum for the management or root and root rot disease of tomato seedling caused by Fusarium Oxysporum in seedbed. All combinations of carrier materials were found effective for preparing T. harzianum based bio-fungicides to promote germination, seedling growth and reducing pre-emergence and post-emergence mortality of tomato seedling under F. oxysporum inoculated seedbed soils. The shoot length. shoot weight, root length and root weight of tomato seedling were enhanced significantly by the application of different substrate materials of T. harzianum based bio-fungicides under F. oxysporum inoculated seedbed conditions. The individual (rice bran. wheat bran, grass pea bran) and combination or substrates (rice bran + wheat bran, rice bran + mustard oilcake, rice bran + wheat bran + MOC and wheat bran + grass pea bran + MOC) were equally suitable for mass culturing of effective T harianum bio-fungicides for the management of root and root rot disease or tomato seedling in seedbed condition.

Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Bio-fungicide, Fusarium oxysporum, Tomato seedling, Seedbed

Location: Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To evaluate effectiveness of different organic substrates for the preparation of T. harzianum based bio-fungicides against F. oxysporum causing foot and root rot disease of tomato

Methodology:

Effectiveness of ten T harzianum based bio-fungicidcs multiplied on three substrate materials was evaluated in the present experiment to control foot and root rot of tomato in seedbed. The substrate materials were rice bran, wheat bran, grasspea bran and their combinations mixed with or without mustard oilcake (MOC) were used to prepare the bio-fungicides. The experiment was conducted in a seedbed used under nethouse conditions of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during three consecutive years from 2010 to 2014. In this experiment barley grains colonized with F. oxvsporum were incorporated in the seedbed soils @ 100g/m² soil. The pathogen was allowed to colonize the soil in seedbed for 10 days. A pure culture of T. harzianum (TM7) was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium which was used as inocula for preparation bio-fungicidcs. The experiment was conducted in seedbed under nethouse condition of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARl), Gazipur during three consecutive years from 2010 to 2014. In this experiment barley grains colonized with F. oxysporum were incorporated in the seedbed soils @ 100 g/m² soil for inoculation. The pathogen was allowed to multiply in seedbed soil for 10 days. A pure culture of T. harzianum (TM7) was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium which was used as inocula of bio-fungicidc. The treatments in the experiment were T₁= Rice bran, T₂= Wheat bran, T₃= Grasspea bran.T₄= Rice bran + Wheat bran (I: I), T₅=Rice bran + Grasspca bran (I: I), T₆= Rice bran + Mustard oilcake (I: I), T₇= Rice bran + Wheat bran + MOC (1: 1: 1), T₈= Rice bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (I: I: 1),T₉= Wheat bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (I: I: I), T₁₀= Rice bran + Wheat bran + Grass pea bran+ MOC ( I: I: I: I), T₁₁=Seed treatment with provax and T₁₂= Control. According to the treatment combinations 600 g of individual or combination of substrate materials were taken separately in 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The flask with substrate materials were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes and cooled down to make it ready for inoculation. The sterilized substrate was inoculated individually with 5 mm diameter mycelia disc of five-day old culture of T. harzianum grown on PDA and then incubated at room temperature (25±2 °C) for 15 days. After incubation the colonized substrates were removed from the flasks and air dried and finally preserved in refrigerator at 10 °C. The inoculum of T. harzianum, colonized on different substrates, were incorporated to the previously F. oxysporum inoculated seedbed soils @ 100 g/m² soil and kept for 7 days maintaining proper soil moisture to establish F. harzianum in the soils. The control bed did not receive any colonized substrate or T. harzianum except the inoculum of F. oxysporum. The seeds of BARITomato-2 (Raton) were sown in the seedbed @ 200 seeds per treatment. The initial germination of the seeds was 98% as per blotter test result. The percent emergence of the seedling was calculated on the basis or initial germination status or the seeds. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Proper weeding, irrigation and intercultural operations were done to raise tomato seedlings in the seedbed. Data were collected on seedling emergence after 15 days of seed sowing. Similarly seedling mortality was recorded at an interval of 7 days starting from seedling emergence and it was continued up to 35 days of seedling age. The height and weight of shoot and length and weight of tomato seedlings were recorded at 35 days of seedling age. The percent data were converted into arcsine transformation values before statistical analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by using the MSTATC program. The treatment effects were compared by applying the least significant different (LSD) test at P=0.05 level.

Source of Information: ISSN 0258-7122, Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 279-289, June 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All combinations of carrier materials were found effective for preparing T. harzianum based bio-fungicides to promote germination, seedling growth and reducing pre-emergence and post-emergence mortality of tomato seedling under F. oxysporum inoculated seedbed soils. The shoot length. shoot weight, root length and root weight of tomato seedling were enhanced significantly by the application of different substrate materials of T. harzianum based bio-fungicides under F. oxysporum inoculated seedbed conditions. The individual (rice bran. wheat bran, grass pea bran) and combination or substrates (rice bran + wheat bran, rice bran + mustard oilcake, rice bran + wheat bran + MOC and wheat bran + grass pea bran + MOC) were equally suitable for mass culturing of effective T. harianum bio-fungicides for the management of root and root rot disease or tomato seedling in seedbed condition. Rice bran based Trichoderma bio-fungicide gave maximum seed germination, reduced seedling mortality and increased growth of tomato seedling. Similar observation with wheat and rice bran for the formulation of T. harzianum bio- fungicide was reported. Disease incidence of tomato, water melon and cotton was reported to be reduced considerably by the application of T. harzianum stated that Trichoderma spp were effective bio-control agents for a number of soil borne plant pathogens and induced a potentate state in the plant enabling it to be more resistant to subsequent pathogen infection.

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