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Effect of Duration of Weed Competition and Weed Control on the Yield of Sesame

M. Altab Hossain
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. S. Alam
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. R. I. Mondal
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

G. S Torofder
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Ali Ahmed
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted at Joydehpur, Jamalpur and Jessore Research Stations of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during kharif-1 season (March-June) for two successive years to find out the effect of weed competition on the yield of sesame (Sesamum indicuni L.) crop (Val'. T6). Of the weed species, Echinochola colona was major at Joydcbpur and Cyperus rotundus at Jamalpur and Jessore. Highest sesame seed yields were obtained at Joydebpur (887 kg/ha) and Jessore (1345 kg/ha) when the plots were weeded upto 20 days after emergence (DAE). At Jamalpur. highest seed yield (878 kg/ha) was obtained from the weed-free plots. The seed yields of weed-free plots and plots weeded upto 20 DAE were not significantly different from the plot yield which was not weeded up to 20 DAE. The trial revealed that the critical period of crop-weed competition was the third week after seedling emergence when weeding should be done to get optimum seed yield of sesame.

Keywords: Crop-weed, Sesame,

Location: Joydehpur, Jamalpur and Jessore Research Stations, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-03-1990

End Date: 30-06-1991

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sesame

Objectives:

To identify the critical period of crop-weed competition for this crop.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted during the kharif I season covering the months of March, April, May and June of 1990 and 1991 at three Research Stations (Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Jessore) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARl). The soil of the experimental plot was silty clay loam (pH 6.5) at Joydebpur, sandy loam (pH 6.8) at Jamalpur and ilty loam (pH 7.1) at Jessore. The total rainfall were 583 rnm, 850 mm and 675 mm respectively at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Jessore during the growing season of 1990. During 1991 the corresponding rainfall figures were 675 mm, 720 mm and 980 mm. The treatments compared were: i) weed competition continuously (no weeding = T₁), ii) no weeding up to 40 days after emergence (=T₂), iii) no weeding upto 30 days after emergence (=T₃), iv) no weeding upto (1) day's after emergence (=T₄) , v) weed-free (=T5), vi) weeded upto 20 days after emergence (=T₆), vii) weeded upto 25 days after emergence (=T₇) and viii) weeded upto 30 days after emergence (=T₈). The trial was set up in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications in 5 m X 3 m unit plots. The seeds of sesame variety T₆ were broadcast sown at the rate of 8 kg/ha on 11 and 14 March at Joydebpur, 4 and 2 April at Jamalpur and 12 April and 30 March at Jessore during 1990 and 1991, respectively. Fertilizers at the rate of 18 kg N, 55 kg P₂0_S, 28 kg K₂0 and 20 kg S/ha in the form of urea, triple uperphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum respectively were applied at the time of final land preparation. Another 18 kg N was top dressed before flowering. The number of weeds of different species were counted in weeded plots after each weeding and nweeded plots (check) at 60 days after emergence (DAE) from three randomly elected 0.5 m area in each plot in all locations. To assess the weed biomass, the weed samples were sun dried and then dried in the oven at 80°C for 72 hours to get dry weight of each sample. The number of sesame plant per square meter was also counted at harvest from each plot. Plant height, number of siliqua/plant and seeds/siliqua were recorded from thirty randomly selected esame plants of each plot.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 11(2): 199-204, 1993 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Significant increase in plant height, siliqua/plant and test seed weight were noted in weeded plots over no weeding. Severe plant weed competition in unweeded control drastically reduced the plant height. It had borne lanky plants with short stature while the plots receiving weed control measures had tallest plants with more number of siliqua/plant and heavier and compact seeds. Obviously, lowest number of plant and lighter seeds were obtained from no weeding treatment. This might be due to severe plant-weed ? competition for different growth factors. Number of plants/m" and seeds/siliqua remained unaffected by weeding treatments. The results of the three locations revealed that the critical period of crop-weed competition was 20 DAE in sesame as no weeding upto 20 DAE did not decrease the yield significantly. Hence, weeding at three weeks after seedling emergence is suggested for obtaining optimum seed yield of sesame.

Knowledge Management: Journal