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Application of Soil Taxonomy and Its Management Implications for Crops and Trees of Bangladesh

Mir Muhammad Hassan
Chief Research Officer (Management) Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Chittagong.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The paper deals with the dUJerentiae of order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family and series categories as per the Soil Taxonomy. It also highlights higher categories of classification present in dUJerent aggregated physiographic units of Bangladesh. The Orders Entisol, Inceptisol, Altisol, Histosol, Mollisol and Ultisol have been briefly described. Suitability for crops and trees as well as the management implications at various categoric levels have been discussed for Bangladesh soils. Discussions have also been made on limitations such as climatic, topographic and wetness characteristics as well as soil physical and fertility conditions. These factors are related to plant growth and have been treated as differentiating criteria in Soil Taxonomy at various categoric levels.

Keywords: Soil, Soil Taxonomy, Soil physical and fertility conditions,

Location: Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land management

Objectives:

To identify the Application of Soil Taxonomy and Its Management Implications for Crops and Trees of Bangladesh

Methodology:

Soil Taxonomy is an orderly arrangement of hierarchical classes that permits us to understand the relationships between soils and the factors responsible for their characteristics. There are six hierarchical categories in Soil Taxonomy. Diagnostic requirements on which the hierarchical categories are based have been briefly discussed in the text. Presence or absence of diagnostic horizons or features. Degree and kind of dominant sets of soil forming processes that have undergone to form the soil. Most soils of Bangladesh belong to the orders Alfisol, EntisoI, Inceptisol, Histosol and Ultisol. Mollisol probably occur in the Himalayan piedmont plane only The suborders occurring in the floodplains (FE. FMn and FMg) are Aquent , Aquept. Ochrept: on Quaternary terraces (T) are Aquept, Aquent, Udalf, Ustalt, Aqualf Aqunlt, Udult, Ochrept and on Tertiary hills (H) and Piedmont terrace fans (PO are Aquept, Aquent, Orthent. Ochrept. Ustult. Udult, etc. Great groups belonging to the floodplains are Haplaquent. Fluvaquent, Psammaquent. Ustochrept, Sulfaquent. Ustipsamment. etc. Intergrades to other orders, suborders and great groups and extragrades to "non-soils". Subgroups present in the floodplains are typic. aeric, histic. thaptohtstic, sulfic, fluventic, etc: on Quaternary terraces are pltnthic, rhodtc, aeric. cummultic, oxic. ultic, udtc, aqutc, typic. fluventic. etc and on Tertiary hills are pltnthtc, typic. humic. aqutc, lithic, orthtc, dystrtc, ulttc, oxic. etc. Floodplain soils belong to the family clayey. mixed non acid hyperthermic: Quaternary terrace soils to clayey mixed. acid. hyperthermic. level: and Tertiary hill soils to clayey. mixed acid. hyperthermic. sloping. The number of soil series identified by SRDI Is 483. In addition. It Is assumed that this number may increase further with the completion of soil survey of the Sunderbans and Chtttagong H. T. areas. Entisols in Bangladesh are mineral soils that meet the requirement I and any of the following requirements. o 1. Have thermic (MAT>22.50C) or isothermic climate 2. Have no diagnostic horizon 3. May have sulphidic material without 50 em from the surface. Inceptisols are mineral soils that can have a diagnostic cambic horizon. 1. Any diagonostic subsoil horizon 2. Plinthite or placic horizon 3. Gypsic or petrogypstc horizon 4. Salic horizon 5. Cracks wider than 1 ern down to a depth of 50 em 6. May have a sulphidic horizon within 50 em with a n-value of less than 0.7 . Alfisols of Bangladesh are mineral soils having the following properties. 1. Have an argillic horizon 2. Have more than 10% of weatherable mineral in 20-200 micron fraction in the upper 50 em of the argillic horizon 3. Have a base saturation of more than 5()% by NH4 OAc 4. Do not have an oxic horizon overlying the argillic horizon.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 22 (1 & 2).89-102, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Determination of soils suitability of a piece of land for a specific agricultural use under a set of management type is one of the important uses of a soil map (Paramanathan and Law, 1980 and Paramanathan, 1987). Experience and research on soils and crops have given a basis for the interpretation of suitability of land for growing a particular crop. However, the knowledge gained through experience and the experimental results varied from one country to another. Under such conditions extrapolation of knowledge gained in one country to another was not practicable earlier because of the lack of a common basis. However, the use of Soil Taxonomy, a date base developed by USDA has nowadays created a common basis and has become international. Extrapolation of knowledge gained one country to another having similar soil has thus become practicable based on such bases. Discussions have also been made on limitations such as climatic, topographic and wetness characteristics as well as soil physical and fertility conditions. These factors are related to plant growth and have been treated as differentiating criteria in Soil Taxonomy at various categoric levels .

Knowledge Management: Journal