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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Indigenous Chickens of Selected Areas of BARIsal District, Bangladesh

M. N. Alam
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. A. Trisha
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. A. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Alim
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh..

M. A. H. N. A. Khan
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections and the gross pathological lesions produced by them were studied from February 2012 to January 2013 in the Department of Pharmacology of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, a total of 320 indigenous chickens aged ranging from 2 to 4 months were examined to identify the different types of gastrointestinal helminth infections in indigenous chickens. During routine examination, six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which five species of nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp, Acuaria hamulosa and Dispharynx spiralis; and one species was cestode called Raillietina tetragona. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaridia galli (41.56%) followed in descending order by Raillietina tetragona (19.68%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.62%), Acuaria hamulosa (8.75%), Capillaria spp. (4.68% ) and Disopharinx spiralis (1.56%). The gross pathological lesions were observed in case of Acuaria hamulosa and Heterakis gallinarum infection. In case of Acuaria hamulosa infection keratinization of gizzard mucosa and cross section of adult Acuaria hamulosa were seen along with marked infiltration of neutrophils. The results of this study suggest that both nematodes and cestodes are highly prevalent in indigenous chickens in the studied area.

Keywords: Prevalence, Gastrointestinal helminthes, Pathology, Indigenous chickens

Location: Upazila of Barisal district named as Barisal Sadar, Babugong, Bakergong and Banaripara.

Start Date: 00-02-2012

End Date: 00-01-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of gastrosintestinal helminth infection in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh

Methodology:

This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Department of Parasitology and Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and Field Disease Investigation Laboratory (FDIL), Barisal. A systemic necropsy was performed, identify the classes of parasites, anatomic location in hosts and determineing the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in chickens of four selected Upazila of Barisal district. The study area comprises four Upazila of Barisal district named as Barisal Sadar, Babugong, Bakergong and Banaripara. The altitude of the area is about 2 meters (6 ft) from sea level. The survey was conducted from February, 2012 to January, 2013. The sample size was calculated by using the formula n= Z ² PQ/L ², where n= sample size, P = expected prevalence in the flock/ population, Q = 1- P , and L = required precision, that is the largest acceptable differences between the true and the estimated prevalence. The exact prevalence of the helminth infections in that particular area was not known; so to maximize the sample size it was supposed that the expected prevalence was 50%, precision was 5%, and the confidence level was set to be 95%. All the birds were purchased from the owners through a middle man, who was instructed to buy only the healthy birds within the selected area by adopting a simple random sampling method. The middleman was further instructed not to buy more than 2 (two) chickens from any of the sampled household. Four to eight chickens were purchased at a time and the same day the birds were transported to FDIL, Barishal where post-mortem examination was performed. All the chickens were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the birds was examined all pathological lesions were recorded. To identify the gastrointestinal helminth, the whole digestive tract was removed carefully and subdivided into esophagus, crop, proventiculus, gizzard, intestine, caeca, and cloaca. All sections were opened longitudinally with a pair of scissors. The serosal surface of the proventiculus was examined carefully for the presence of embedded Tetramer spp. The keratinized layer of the gizzard was removed for detecting the presence of Acuaria hamulosa. After opening the intestine, the mucosa was scrapped and the proventicular glands was squeezed with the help of the forceps and washed under running tap water over a 90 nanometer aperture test sieve for recovering the smaller helminthes. All the larger helminthes was picked up from the sieve with forceps and the residual contents was examined under a microscope and all the parasites was collected and transferred to 70% alcohol. All the helminth was counted individually, placed in sample collection tube and shift to Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for identification. All the helminths were examined under light microscope and were identified on the basis of helminthological keys described. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in local free-range chickens were calculated as a percentage of the host population that was infected with a specific parasite at a point of time.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 135-139, ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Villagers rarely deworm their chickens as we have also observed that more than 90% chickens are infected with gastrointestinal helminths. Such a high burden will not only decrease the production potentials of the highly valuable indigenous chicken but will also cause mortality rendering serious economic loss to poor farmers. So, regular dowering at three months interval with appropriate anthelmintics is recommended against both nematodes and cestodes. The results of this study suggest that both nematodes and cestodes are highly prevalent in indigenous chickens in the studied area.

Knowledge Management: Journal