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Comparative Effects of Animal and Vegetable Fats on Lipid Profile and Patho-physiological Changes in Mice

S. Akter
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. K. Islam
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. H. N. A. Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Miah
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Dietary intake of high amounts of animal fats can cause hypercholesterolemia whereas plant fat like soybean oil reduce s serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in mice. The effects of animal fat ( butter) and plant fat (soybean oil ) fortified diet on lipid profile ( serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C), and triglycerides), body weight, blood glucose and on tissue texture were investigated in mice. 30 S wiss albino mice were divided equally into three g roups. Mice were fed a normal diet (untreated control) , a high-fat diet (5 % butter) (butter group) and an unsaturated fat diet (5 % soybean oil) (soybean oil group) for 90 days . Mice of butter group showed significantly increased level of total cholesterol, LDL -C and triglycerides and decreased level of HDL-C in the serum but not found in mice of soybean fed diet group. Body weight and blood glucose were also markedly elevated in mice fed only butter enriched diet. Histological analysis of liver at the end of 90 days showed increased fat deposition in the mice fed with butter diet than those of control diet and plant fat diet group. M ice fed with butter showed an elevation of lipid levels and developed fatty change s in liver .

Keywords: Butter, Soybean oil, Lipid profile, Fatty change, Mice

Location: ICDDR,B, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of the inclusion of butter and soybean oil in the diet on hypercholesterolemia and fatty changes in the liver in mice.

Methodology:

Two months old 30 male Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus) with an average body weight of 18-25g were obtained from ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Before being used in the experiment, mice were adapted for 3 days in order for them to get used to the environment. All mice were maintained in the animal care facilities according to university animal care and use guidelines. After arrival, animals were allowed free access to a basal diet of commercial rodent ration and water for 3 days to allow adaptation to the environment. Baseline values of serum total cholesterol were measured. Further, these basal serum total cholesterol values were used to assign animals into 3 groups. The control group continued to be fed the normal rodent diet. The other groups (n= 10) were fed with 5% butter and 5 % soybean oil with free access to water and food for 90 days. Body weight was measured at 45 and 90 days. Blood samples were collected at 45 days of experiments from food deprived mice (14 hours) anesthetized with 3μL of 5mg/mL acepromazine from the lateral saphenous vein using a sterile 23 gauge needle. At the end of the experimental period (90 days), the mice were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture using a 22 gauge needle and a 5mL syringe. Cardiac blood was transferred into serum separator tubes and allowed to clot prior to placement on ice. The blood was allowed to clot at 23°C for 30 minutes and subsequently placed at 4°C until centrifugation. Serum was separated by low-speed centrifugation at 2000g for 20 min at 4°C temperature. Serum was frozen at ^-85°C until further analysis. Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured on the Hitachi 911 automated analyzer using reagent kits supplied by Roche Diagnostics. The precision performance of these assays was within the manufacturer’s specifications. LDL cholesterol was calculated by the Friedewald equation [14]. The whole liver was excised from each animal, immersed in chilled phosphate buffered saline and blotted dry. A 4mm section of the liver was placed into a histological cassette. The cassette containing the liver section of each animal was individually immersed in a 10% (v/v) buffered formalin phosphate solution for fixing and subsequent staining. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were ultra sectioned (4 – 5μm thickness), stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. All data were expressed as mean±SD and differences among the groups of animals were compared using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Duncans test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 17.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 353-361 (2013)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study concluded that dietary intake of vegetable oils, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, while saturated fatty acids have the opposite effect.

Knowledge Management: Journal