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Crop Typology Development for Enhancing Agriculture in the Context of Climate Change Scenarios of Bangladesh

T. F. Khan
Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU), Department of Soil, Water and Environment,University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000.

S. M. Imamul huq
Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU), Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000.

M. G. Faruque
Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka-1212.

M. W. Ullah
Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka-1212.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out in seven climate vulnerable areas of Bangladesh with a view to determine suitable crop typologies by considering soil, climate, socio-economic activities, agricultural technologies, cropping pattern and existing crop typologies. The seven study areas were Dacope (Khulna), Khagrachhari Sadar (Khagrachhari), Gazipur Sadar (Gazipur), Amtali (Barguna), Gomastapur (Chapai Nawabganj), Jamalganj (Sunamganj) and Pirganj (Rangpur) upazilla. These areas are affected by different impacts of climate change. Dacope and Amtali are affected by tidal surge and varying degrees of salinity, while Khagrachhari Sadar and Gazipur Sadar are severely affected by drought problems. Severe heat stress and flash flood are the main agricultural limitations of Gomostapur, Pirganj and Jamalganj respectively. Three basic components of crop typology (crop types, climate, characterization and cluster) were considered for developing typical crop typology in the study areas. Detailed information of the study areas were collected through primary and secondary data. Necessary crop typology maps were prepared by the ArcGIS software. In case of Dacope, Khagrachhari Sadar, Gazipur Sadar, Amtali, Gomastapur, Jamalganj and Pirganj, the proposed crop typologies are 18, 21, 20, 20, 11, 9 and 8 respectively. Some of the propose typologies included BR26, BRRI dhan48, BR26, BARI Pui shak-1, BARI Sheem-1 etc.

Keywords: Crop typology, Cropping pattern, Primary data, Secondary data, ArcGIS

Location: Khulna, Khagrachhari, Gazipur,Barguna, Chapai Nawabganj, Sunamganj and Barguna district, Bangladesh)

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

To determine the agricultural crop typologies for seven climate vulnerable upazillas of Bangladesh in order to meet the basic food demand for the present and future generations of the country.

Methodology:

Seven areas belonging to seven different districts of Bangladesh were selected as study areas in consideration of agricultural production potentiality, sustainability, crop yields as well as different agro-climatic zones. These criteria included annual rainfall, humidity, temperature; soil characteristics, land type, land use; improved crop production technologies, crop production constraints; factors limiting the yield potential of individual crops on a particular region; and agricultural management practices. The seven study areas considered were Dacope (Khulna), Khagrachhari Sadar (Khagrachhari), Gazipur Sadar (Gazipur), Amtali (Barguna), Gomastapur (Chapai Nawabganj), Jamalganj (Sunamganj) and Pirganj (Rangpur) upazilla. According to FAO-UNDP (1988), Dacope belongs to Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12), Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ-13) and Gopalganj-Khulna Bils (AEZ-14). Khagrachhari Sadar belongs to Northern and Eastern Hills (AEZ-29); Gazipur Sadar to Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain (AEZ-8), Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ- 9), Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28); Amtali to Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ-13), Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ-18); Gomastapur to Lower Purnabhaba Floodplain (AEZ-6), Active Ganges Floodplain (AEZ- 10), High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11); Jamalganj to Eastern Surma-Kushyara Floodplain (AEZ-20), Sylhet Basin (AEZ-21), Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains (AEZ- 22), Northern and Eastern Hills (AEZ-29); Pirganj to Active Tista Floodplain (AEZ-2), Tista Meander Floodplain (AEZ-3) and North Eastern Barind Tract (AEZ-27). The main agricultural constraints of Dacope and Amtali are tidal surge along with soil and water salinity, whereas the constraints of Khagrachhari Sadar and Gazipur Sadar are scarcity of irrigation water during dry periods. On the other hand, Gomostapur and Pirganj upazillas are affected by severe heat stress and drought. Frequent flash flood is considered as the main limitation of agricultural production in Jamalganj. The study was carried out by following some generic steps. Detailed information of geo demographic, agro-ecological zones, land types, climatic condition, socio-economic activities and existing crop production pattern in Bangladesh was collected. Crop farming regions based on AEZs and sustainable typology indicators were identified. After that, sustainability indicators (ecological, environmental, technological) within the typical crop farming system was complianced and various crop typologies within the zonal crop farming system was developed through characterization of major crops and zones. Finally, crop typologies were evaluated using perceptions, strategies, productivity preferences of farmers and stakeholders. Thus, crop typologies based on crop farming strategies were revised and finalized.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Soil Science, Vol.37 (1), Pag: 65-75, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that, there is a lot of scope for the farmers in Dacope upazilla in order to grow more crops using High Yielding varieties (HYVs) of field and horticultural crops in different seasons. The major agricultural crops grown in Dacope include rice, potato, sesame, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, gourd, sponge gourd, red amaranth, snake gourd, ash gourd, cucumber, papaya, man kachu, pani kachu, Indian spinach, radish, watermelon, melon, turmeric, ginger, safeda, wood aple, guava coconut, tamarind, etc. was found. The farmers are used to practice two crops in a year in the same land in Jamalganj. it was found that, replacement of Fallow-Fallow-Mustard-Boro by Lt Aus-HYV aman-HYV Boro cropping pattern can significantly increase production. In addition, vegetables can be cultivated in both summer and winter. Moreover, cropping intensity can be increased by using Blackgram-HYV aman intercropping. Zero tillage maize cultivation is recommended for accelerating agricultural production in Pirganj upazilla. The number of both existing and proposed crop typology in the area is 8.

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