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Deficit Irrigation for Maize Production.

Dr. Md. Shahid Ullah Talukder
Professor
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, BAY, Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the central farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 23 December 2008 to 11 May 2009 with a view to evaluating the effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of Maize. Two factors were included in the experiment, namely (i) five irrigation treatments that are 10 (no irrigation), 11 (IW/CPE = 0.4 irrigation given at 43 DAS), !2 (IW/CPE = 0.6 irrigation given at 63 DAS), 13 (IW/CPE = 0.8 irrigation given at 83 DAS), and 14 (IW/CPE = 1.0, irrigations given at 43, 63 and 83 DAS), and (ii) three varieties that are V1 (BARI hybrid maize 3, BHM 3), V2 (BARI hybrid maize 5, BHM 5) and V3 (Pacific 11). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design along with 3 replications. Each replication was divided into 5 main plots (7.0 m × 4.5 m) having equal space (1.5 m) between them as buffer zone. Each main plot was divided into 3 equal sub-plots (2.0 m × 4.5 m). Water stress treatments were placed in the main plots. Varietal treatments were placed in sub-plots. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly different due to limited application of water. Although the highest grain yield of 10.20 t ha-1 was obtained with the irrigation treatment 14 (IW/CPE = 1.0, irrigations given at 43, 63 and 83 DAS) but it was insignificant with stress treatment 11 (10.15 t ha-1), 12 (10.12 t ha-1) and 13 (9.43 t ha-1), respectively. The highest grain yield of 10.97 t ha-1 was obtained for variety V3 (Pacific 11) and the lowest 8.93 t ha-1 was obtained for variety V2 (BHM 5). Interactions between 14 (IW/CPE=1.0, irrigations given at 43, 63, and 83 DAS) and V3 (Pacific 11) that is 14V3 gave the best treatment combination for the yield (12.36 t ha-1) of maize. This 14V3 combination was statistically significant with 11V2 (11.11 t ha-1), 11V3 (11.39 t ha-1), 12V1 (11.34 t ha-1) and 13V3 (11.04 t ha-1) treatment combinations. It can be seen that the water productivity was the highest for stress treatment 11 (IW/CPE=0.4, irrigation given at 43 DAS) and the lowest for 14 (IW/CPE=1.0, irrigations given at 43, 63 and 83 DAS). It may be inferred that considering water stress and varietal treatment and the interactions between the water stress and varieties as well as the water productivity 11V3 treatment combinations produced higher yield (11.39 t ha-1) thereby saving much water which may be suggested/recommended for farmers.

Keywords: Irrigation, Maize, Water management.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 01-07-2008

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effects of different deficit irrigation levels on growth and development of maize at different growth stages. 2. To study the effects of irrigation on yield and yield components of maize. 3. To find out the water productivity of maize, and 4. To identify the moisture sensitive growth stages of maize.

Methodology:

Field experiment will be carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (BAU) Farm during the rabi cum kharif season from November/ December to March/April for a period of two years from July 2010 to June 2012 to study the effects of single stress of deficit irrigation yield and water productivity of hybrid maize. Soil sample will be collective before sowing the seeds and at harvest and will be analyzed in the laboratory to determine the physico –chemical properties of the soil. Three hybrid varieties of maize namely, BARI hybrid maize (BHM) -3, BHM-5 and Pacific 11 BHM-7, Pacific 984 and uttaras will be applied at different growth stages based on a single IW/CPE ratios. Surface irrigation i.e. furrow irrigation will be practiced. The experiment will be laid out in a split-plot design with irrigation in the main plots and varieties in the sub-plots with three replications. Irrigation will be given at three/four or at 40-50, 60-65 and 80-85 days after sowing (DAS) depending on IW/CPE ratios of 0.4, 06, 08 and 1.0 critical growth stages of the crop. The amount of irrigation will be just the volume of water that will be needed to supplement the profile soil moisture from the existing level to field capacity in the root zone of the crop at tha stage. Fertilizers will be applied at the rate of 250, 120, 40 and 5 kg/ha of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S and Zn, respectively or as per recommended doses. One-third of ured and whole amount of other fertilizers will be applied at the time of final land preparation. Rest of the amount of urea will be applied in two installments at proper times depending on growth stages or days after sowing (DAS). The unit plot size will be 4.5m × 7.0m (20 sq.m). The land of will be prepared by power tiller or by ploughing and cross ploughing. Seeds will be sown in November/December every year by land at the rate of 25 kg/ha with a spacing of row to row 75 cm and seed to seed 25 cm. Maize will be harvested after maturity. Intercultural operations will be done as and when climatological data will be collected from the meteorological station located in the farm.

Source of Information: Volume 20. Bangladesh Agricultural University Research Progress, 07-08 March, 2010. Proceedings of the Workshop of University Research System (BAURES), BAU, Mymensingh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget: 200000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 200000

Achievement/Findings:

The study have been achieved the crop water demand in relation to optimum yield, water use, water productivity, yield-water relationship, number of stress days and drought sensitivity and sensitive growth stage(s) for water deficit of maize.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings