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Organochlorine Insecticide-residues in Water and Soil of the Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project of Bangladesh.

M. M. ALAM
Institute of Marine Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh

M. A. MALEK
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka

M. M. RAHMAN
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka

N. G. DAS
Institute of Marine Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Study was performed to determine the organochlorine insecticides (DDT. Aldrin , Dieldrin. Endrine. Lindane and Heptachlor) residues in water and soil from Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project of Bangladesh. Out of 10 sampling locations. water from 9 locations was found to contain organochlorines. namely DDT and/or lindane. Only p. P'-DDT was found among the DDT group compounds. Soil samples from all the locations were found to contain one or more types of organochlorine insecticides . DDT was found in the experimental soil samples except two , while aldrin was found at only one location and lindane was found at five locations. P. P'-DDT and DOD were identified among the DDT group. Organochlorine insecticides found in water samples were correlated with the contents of suspended particles in water.

Keywords: Pesticide, Irrigation project, Soil, Water, Gas chromatography.

Location: Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project area of Bangladesh.

Start Date: 01-05-1996

End Date: 30-06-1996

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

To know the types of OC pesticide residues used and their concentration levels in water and soil of the Meghna Dhonagda Irrigation Project.

Methodology:

Samples were collected from the Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project area of Bangladesh during the May-June period, 1996, which covers both the pre-monsoon transition and rainy seasons. Ten sampling locations in the project area were selected in such a way as to serve th e purpose . Sub-surface water samples (500-1000 ml) from a depth of 10 em were collected by a Nansen Water Sampler, and soil samples (500-1000g) were collected by scrapping upper 3-4 em of the bottom using a grave sampler. Five sub-samples from each location were collected and mixed well to obtain a representative sample. Following collection samples were taken in glass containers and kept in cooled box. In the laboratory, samples were preserved in refrigerator prior to analysis. Textural classes of soil samoles were made from U.S.D.A. textural triangle. Soil pH was measured in situ. Organic matter contents of the soil samples were determin ed following th e 'Wet oxidation method. Following the liquid-liquid extraction methods, 250 ml water sample and 100 ml double distilled hexane were taken and shaken for 5 minutes •in glass-stoppered separatory funnel. Hexane extract was separated and collected in evaporating flasks. Two further extractions with 50 ml hexane were done. The combined hexane extract was treated with 5 g anhydrous soidum sulphate to remove traces of water. The extract was rotary vacuum evaporated. Freeze dried and powdered 5 g soil from each sample was mixed with 25 ml of double distilled hexan e in stoppered conical flasks. The flasks were set on to a rotator for 12 hours shaking and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. Supernatant liquid was collected in volumetric flask and concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator. The extracts from water and soil were dissolved in hexane to a particular volume (5 ml) and aliquots were injected for subsequent gas chromatography (PU 4500) fitted with an Electron Capture Detector (ECD) Where necessary the hexane extract was subjected to clean-up using florisil column chromatography (DFG Manual 1987). Tentative identifications of the residues were done relating to the retention times of the pure analytical standard of the insecticides purchased from Chrompack. Samples of water and soil were fortified separately with known amount of 14C-DDT. Radioactivity of the fortified samples was determined at different stages of extraction and clean-up in liquid scintillation counter. R coveries found were 93% for water and 91% for soil.

Source of Information: J . Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh , Sci. 25(1): 135-142, 1999

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The persistent nature of OCs and their translocations from agricultural land can cause residues in the project area. It has been reported in the press and quoted from the farmers of grass roots level that pest from fields treated with pesticides move to the adjacent fields forcing the owners of these fields also to use chemicals as well. It was also mentioned quoting farmers that the pesticide company dealers try to motivate one farmer of a village to use pesticide on his crops and naturally the other farmers have to follow to avoid attack by pest. Although, the Pesticide Rule (PR) 1985 of Bangladesh strictly prohibits any kind of unauthorized use of pesticides but because of lack of strong monitoring and proper evaluation facilities this regulation did not work effectively to control hazardous pesticides. It should be noted that countries like Bangladesh did not have necessary resources and infrastructures to adequately regulate the use and availability of pesticides. Though late, still proper regulatory enforcement of the relevant rules and provisions and regular monitoring of residues would prevent misuses and could minimise the environmental problems. Soil samples from all the locations were found to contain one or more types of organochlorine insecticides . DDT was found in the experimental soil samples except two , while aldrin was found at only one location and lindane was found at five locations. P. P'-DDT and DOD were identified among the DDT group. Organochlorine insecticides found in water samples were correlated with the contents of suspended particles in water.

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