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Seed Borne Fungal Diseases of Fruits in Mymensingh District

A. Q. M. B. Rashid
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. B. Meah
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. Sultana
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the major seed borne fungal diseases of fruits in Mymensingh. Being perishable crop the fruits were found easily prone to the attack of various disease causing organisms at almost all sphere of their production practices from orchard to the storage, transit and consumption. Fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloesporioides) were found as the most common and serious diseases in many fruits such as mango, guava, banana, papaya, pineapple etc. Prevalence of the diseases, losses incurred and probable control measures have been suggested in most of the cases.

Keywords: Fungal diseases, Perishable crops, Production, Quality

Location: Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To evaluate the fungal diseases of fruits sporadically prevalent at Mymensingh district.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the major seed borne fungal diseases of fruits in Mymensingh district. Fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloesporioides) were found as the most common and serious diseases in many fruits such as mango, guava, banana, papaya, pineapple etc. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is among the fruit plants rich in vitamin C that is in most tropical regions of the world and most eaten in the developed countries. Anthracnose and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum gloesporoides and Botryodiplodia theobromae are the major seed borne fungal diseases of mango. Anthracnose affects leaves, flowers and fruits and inocula are present year round throughout the canopy. Guava is a very common and important fruit crop which suffers from a serious problem of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides occurring every year in different parts of the country. Topsin M was found to reduce the fruit infection and disease severity significantly up to 89.5% followed by Rovral FLO (87.0%) over control. Cross section of the affected roots, stems and twigs revealed damage of epidermal cell, discoloration of parenchymatous cells and darkening xylem vessels. Older plants showed more proneness to wilting. Banana is one of the most important palatable cosmopolitan fruits grown all year round in almost everywhere in the country. This crop suffers from fungal diseases, among which anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides, fruit rot/stem-end rot/ distal end rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae and sigatoka caused by Cercospora musae are of economic significance. Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh. It suffers from a serious disease namely fruit rot caused by Rhizopus artocarpi. The fruit becomes affected usually at the younger stage. While the soft fruit rot occurs as water soaked lesion on the skin. Infected part becomes soft and rots soon. Finger press results to let of ooze. White cottony mycelial growth may be observed on the rotten area. Litchi is also the popular fruits of Bangladesh. Various diseases on this fruit crops are being studied and reported fruit crack of litchi caused by Fusarium moniliforme.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 153-156, 2015; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the fruit crops are either annual or perennial and are usually propagated vegetative through sucker, budding, cutting, grafting etc. which might play vital role in the transmission of various diseases. Coincidentally, almost all of the fungal pathogens causing fruit diseases under study are exclusively seedborne in the field crops. However the diseases causing organisms also might remain viable with different parts of the perennials and serve as the source of primary inocula to initiate infection to the next bearing. In this way, the diseases might consistently be transmitted from season to season and crop to crop. The proper management practices are suggested to get rid of the situation.

Knowledge Management: Journal