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Floral Biology of Kakrol (momordica Dioica Roxb.)

M. A. Hussain
M. Sc (Ag.) student
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. Rashid
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Kakrol plants were grown from tuberous roots during February to June. 1973 to study their floral biology. It was observed that the first flower produced by the only male plant reached full bloom 75 days after the emergence of the stem from the soil, those by the female plants required an average of 53 days. The number of nodes producing the first flower varied from plant to plant and the subsequent flowers also did not develop in any definite sequence. Time required by the male and female flower buds to reach anthesis was 15 and 10 days respectively. Opening of either type of flowers occurred between 6 and 7 A. M. and the dehiscence of anthers began at the time of opening of the male flower. The stigma became receptive 12 hours before anthesis. Pollen grains stored at room temperature remained viable for 12 hours. Germination of pollen on the stigma was observed within 8 hours after pollination.

Keywords: Kakrol, Floral biology, Pollination

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-02-1973

End Date: 00-06-1973

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Vegetables

Objectives:

To obtain the basic informations about the development of flower, pollination and fruitset in Kakrol.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February to June, 1973. Tuberous roots of an unnamed variety of Kakrol were collected from the village Boira adjoining the University campus. Twenty pieces of the loots were planted in equal number of hills at a spacing of 8 ft. Each root gave rise to 3 to 4 stems which took 10 to 46 days to emerge from the soil. The sexes of the roots were unknown before planting. Later, it was observed that only one of them was male. The pattern of flowering in the male and female plants, time interval between the emergence of the stems and the an- thesis of the first flowers, time taken by the flower buds for full development, anthesis and the duration for which the stigma is receptive, the duration for which the pollen grains remain viable and the growth of the pollen tube after pollination were recorded. For determining the duration of receptivity of the stigma flowers were pollinated 24, 18, 12 and 6 hours before anthesis and 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after anthesis. Twenty flowers were used in each case. The effect of such pollination on fruitset was noted. Viability of the pollen grains was tested by storing male flowers in polyethylene bags at the room temperature for 12, 18 and 24 hours and then applying their pollen to the stigma. Female flowers selected for artificial pollination were bagged in order to exclude any foreign pollen that might reach them. The stigma, style and the ovary of artificially pollinated fresh flowers were microscopically examined at intervals of two hours to follow the germination of the pollen, growth of the pollen tube and fertilization. For this purpose ovaries with attached stigma were collected at appropriate moments and immediately fixed in acetic- alcohol fixative (acetic acid I part, absolute alcohol 3 parts). Since the tissues of these organs are hard, they were hydrolyzed in a mixture of 1 part concentrated HCl and 2 parts absolute alcohol before placing under the microscope. Cotton blue was: used for staining the tissues.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Horticulture, 2 (1): 1-4, 1974

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that the first flower produced by the only male plant reached full bloom 75 days after the emergence of the stem from the soil, those by the female plants required an average of 53 days. The number of nodes producing the first flower varied from plant to plant and the subsequent flowers also did not develop in any definite sequence. Time required by the male and female flower buds to reach anthesis was 15 and 10 days respectively. Opening of either type of flowers occurred between 6 and 7 A. M. and the dehiscence of anthers began at the time of opening of the male flower. The stigma became receptive 12 hours before anthesis. Pollen grains stored at room temperature remained viable for 12 hours. Germination of pollen on the stigma was observed within 8 hours after pollination.

Knowledge Management: Journal