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Epidemiology and Management of Rice Leaf Blast and False Smut Diseases

Dr. MAI Khan
Senior Scientific Officer
PLant Pathology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Md. Rejwan Bhuiyan
Senior Scientific Officer
PLant Pathology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out both at Rajshahi and Barisal to find out the factors responsible for false smut disease outbreak in Bangladesh in the year of 2013-14. An intensive survey was conducted during T. Aman/2013 season. Field survey, group discussion and secondary data from DAE and WDB were followed for data collection. Farmers of Rajshahi region are mostly growing HYV and they prefer early transplantation due to timely establishment of rabi crops. There is a tendency of these farmers to apply high doses of N fertilizer (200 kg Urea/ha). Establishment of T. Aman in this area mostly depends on rain and irrigation water in some extent. Rainfall during flowering was one of the major factors of FS outbreak at Rajshahi region. Higher disease incidence and severity was found from those plots which received rain during flowering compared to those plots which received rain after flowering. Varietal reactions to FS among the varieties were also significant. BRRI dhan49 was found highly susceptible to FS. Application of high doses of N fertilizer was another factor responsible for FS outbreak at Rajshahi region. This study suggests that disease forecasting model would be helpful for FS disease management. Details epidemiological studies have also been needed on FS disease. Finally, disease control measures of FS need to be developed for sustainable rice production.

Keywords: Rice, Epideomiology, Leaf blast, Management

Location: Rajshahi and Barisal district

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To find out the factors responsible for disease outbreak under diverse climatic conditions for providing preliminary information to develop disease forecasting model as well as management practices.

Methodology:

To study the disease status at project site (leaf blast at Barisal and false smut at Rajshahi region) during T. Aman 2013 season, two intensive surveys were conducted in each site. One survey was done when plants were at maximum tillering stage and second was in reproductive stage. Weather data were collected from weather station (DAE, Tanor, Rajshahi & BRRI, Barisal). Disease assessment and Data collection: Data on percent panicle and grain infection by false smut were collected for disease assessment. Plants were harvested randomly from 1m x 1m plot maintaining three replications during data collection. Data on leaf blast severity (0-9 scale) were collected depending on the predominant lesion type on leaves following the Standard Evaluation System for rice. Where, 0= No lesions observed; 1= Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without speculating centre; 2= Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves; 3= Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves; 4= Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area; 5= Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area; 6= Typical blast lesions infecting 11-25% of the leaf area; 7= Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area; 8= Typical blast lesions infecting 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves dead; 9= More than 75% leaf area affected. The disease scoring data were converted into percent disease index (PDI) by using the formula.

PDI=

Sum of scores

x 100

No. of observation x highest number in rating scale

Disease management: Efficacy of some fungicides was tested against false smut and leaf blast diseases under diverse climatic condition. Two chemicals (Trooper and Nativo) for blast and two chemicals (Folicur and Tilt) for false smut were tested under field condition.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the BRRI Annual Internal Review for 2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Factros responsible for false smut disease outbreak were detected under this study. Rainfall during flowering was one of the major factors of FS outbreak at Rajshahi region. Higher disease incidence and severity was found from those plots which received rain during flowering compared to those plots which received rain after flowering. Varietal reactions to FS among the varieties were also significant. BRRI dhan49 was found highly susceptible to FS. Application of high doses of N fertilizer was another factor responsible for FS outbreak at Rajshahi region. This study suggests that disease forecasting model would be helpful for FS disease management.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings