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Mini-grind for Sustainable Intergrated Coastal Development

B. K. Bala
Professor
Department of Fnarm Power and Machiery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Islam
Graduate student
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Sufian
Deputy Manager
Beximco Synthetics Ltd., Kabirpur, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Power grid cannot reach everywhere. Yet there are alternatives. Renewable energy can offer an ideal source of electricity for the communities far from a grid- on an island, or other isolated situations. Design and economics of a solar-diesel hybrid mini-grid system for 132 families in an isolated island-Sandwip are presented. The electrical load is estimated based on the local needs and the electrical load demand is 20 kwh. The sizing of the hybrid system consists of 3l solar modules, l0 number of 24 y batteries, 2 Inverters having a total capacity of 24 kW, 24 V DC/220 V AC. A diesel generator set of 12 kw capacity is selected for back up during shortfall. The life cycle cost (LCC) is estimated and LCC is found to be Tk.15.51 / kwh compared to electricity price of rk.4.00/kwh. Finally, the sustainability of solar-diesel hybrid mini-grid for an isolated island - Sandwip is discussed.

Keywords: Decentralized, Small-scale, Community-based electric power.

Location: Sandwip, Noakhali, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To examines how decentralized, small-scale, community-based electric power can be generated.

Methodology:

Sandwip is a small island in Bangladesh, which is totally disconnected from the main land. This island is situated in a very remote area and lacks both an electricity supply and modem facilities., But, the island has a great potential for developing electricity from solar energy. This case study examines how decentralized, small-scale, community-based electric power can be generated. Sandwip is a deltaic island in the Bay of Bengal region of Bangladesh, adjacent to Chittagong and a mere 15 km from the main land. The population is 3,30,000 and the area is 240 km2. The entire Island is a mudflat created from the Ganges. A short electricity grid is available linking the main commercial areas on the island. Two diesel generators have a total capacity of I MW. Of which one is out of order at the moment. Another one runs for a few hours in the late afternoon/early evening to supply this grid electricity mainly for commercial use. A few battery charging stations charge and sell batteries in the main administrative area. The household in rural Bangladesh is simple and does not require a large quantities of electrical energy for lighting and electrical appliances. The information on average daily solar energy input is obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department's station at Chittagong and average daily solar insolation. The maximum average daily solar radiation is 6.0 kWh/m2 in the months of March and April and the minimum solar radiation is 4,0 kWh/m2. array.ln PV hybrid system it is assumed that the number of panels is chosen so that they are able to cover the electricity demand of the load during the summer period. This assumption helps to avoid wasting of PV electricity. Obviously, in winter days the panels are not able to generate electricity as much as the load requires and hence a diesel generator should be included in the system to support the panels during the winter time. array.ln PV hybrid system it is assumed that the number of panels is chosen so that they are able to cover the electricity demand of the load during the summer period. This assumption helps to avoid wasting of PV electricity. Obviously, in winter days the panels are not able to generate electricity as much as the load requires and hence a diesel generator should be included in the system to support the panels during the winter time. The size of the PV array can be calculated by the following equation: PV (area) = E_L/(H.?_pvTCF.?_out,)...... (1); PV(peak power)=PV(area) x PSI , ?_pv, .... (2); Number of modules : PV (peakpower) /P_max.... (3); Batteries (storage) : N_cE_l/(DOD.?_out .....(4); Corrected battery AH : Battery storage /nominal system voltage ....... (5); it must be able to handle and maintain the system voltage in range of 24 Y . The inverter must be able to handle the maximum expected powff of AC loads. After completing the calculation of size of battery bank, the next step is to determine the size of backup idiesel generator Life cycle cost (LCC) is the sum of all the costs associated with an energy delivery system over its lifetime or over a selected period of analysis, in today's dollars (One US Dollar : 70.00 Tk.), and takes into account the time value of money. From the economic point of view, the photovoltaic system differs from conventional energy system because it has high initial cost and low operational cost. The initial investment costs are the costs of PV modules, the storage batteries, the regulator control, the charge controller, the inverter and all other auxiliary

Source of Information: Journal of Agricultural Engineering; The Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh,yol.32/AE, December, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Correct sizing is the important part of designing a PV hybrid system and an accurate sizing procedure of the PV hybrid systems for mini-grid is presented. Before installing a solar-diesel hybrid minigrid in any location, a digital computer model of the system could be extremely useful in examining the optimum size and rating of a generator set; the best operating and control logic; and the likely system performance. The Life Cycle cost (LCC) analysis shows that LCC of PV system is Tk.15.51 / kWh. The LCC analysis shows those villages having low load and situated at large distance (15 km in bay) from existing 11 KV grid-lines, the SPV power is more cost competitive. Although the SPV system is believed to have no pollution, the high-energy use in the production of solar PV system may makes the potential for greenhouse gas emission and other environmental pollution mitigation rather low unless the production process is dominated by comparatively pollution free energy sources. This point requires a detail study. It is clear that human life can be sustained on earth in future only if, within a short period, we are able to replace conventional energy sources with an alternative source of energy. Solar energy in general and solar PV in particular, constitutes such a potential alternative. The goal for the century ahead must be the complete substitution of conventional sources of energy by constantly available solar energy - in other words, a complete solar energy supply for humankind.

Knowledge Management: Journal