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Study on Water and Soil Quality Parameters of Shrimp and Prawn Farming in the Southwest Region of Bangladesh

M. A. Zafar
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

M. M. Haque
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

M. S. B. Aziz
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

M. M. Alam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water and soil quality parameters play a vital role for sustainable shrimp and prawn production which together is the leading exportable seafood product in Bangladesh contributing to a significant amount of foreign currency earnings. However, this sector is often negatively criticized by the consumers of importing countries for farm (locally called gher in Bengali) environment. In this context, an investigation was carried out to assess water and soil quality parameters of shrimp and prawn farms in southwest Bangladesh. This study was conducted at Dumuria and Paickgacha Upazila of Khulna district during dry and wet season in 2012. The data were collected from 9 shrimp and prawn farms and they were categorized in three different groups (as treatments) including 3 prawn (T₁), 3 shrimp & prawn (T₂) and 3 shrimp farms (T₃). Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, alkalinity, salinity, total phosphorous and total hardness were measured using portable advanced HACH water quality test kit in both dry and wet season. Farm soil (sediment) quality parameters including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were measured in the laboratory in wet season. It was found that most of the water quality parameters were in suitable range in both seasons for prawn, shrimp & prawn and shrimp farming. However, the ammonia content was 0.009 to 0.45 ppm and 0.2 to 0.6 ppm in shrimp farm during dry and wet season, respectively which was higher than the other category of farms. The higher ammonia content in shrimp farm might be due to the decomposition of aquatic weeds, organic matter, uneaten feed etc. creating stress to shrimp. Different co-relationships found between the water quality parameters in all the farming systems in the both seasons. In terms of soil quality parameters such as pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen, there was no significant difference between the farm categories. However, available phosphorous content was significantly higher in shrimp & prawn farm. Phosphorous content was found negatively correlated with pH and organic carbon content of farm sediment (soil). From the present study, it could be argued that ammonia is the main problem for shrimp farms that may cause severe disease outbreak which need to be addressed

Keywords: Shrimp, Prawn, Aquaculture

Location: Khulna

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To assess the effects of shrimp and prawn farming on water and soil quality parameters as well as to assess the relationships between the different physico-chemical parameters.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at Dumuria and Paickgacha Upazila in Khulna district during dry and wet season in 2012. For the study, 9 farms were randomly selected which were categorized in three different groups of prawn, shrimp & prawn and shrimp farms according to the existing farming systems. In each category (Treatment) of farms, three farms were considered as replicates. Water samples were collected from the selected farms using 500 ml plastic bottles between 09-11AM. After collection of the samples dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured immediately in the sampling site. Other physico-chemical parameters of the water samples such as water pH, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, alkalinity, total phosphorous and total hardness were measured by using HACH test Kit (Model FF-1A Cat. No. 2430-02). Temperature and salinity were recorded by using mercury thermometer and refractometer, respectively. For the measurement of soil quality parameters, soil samples were collected from the same shrimp and prawn farms during the wet season. The appropriate time of soil sample collection was chosen in the wet season, while shrimp and prawn ghers were full of water, post larvae were released, supplementary feeding was going on and soil-water interaction was functioning. Following air drying, the soil samples were analyzed in the Soil Science Laboratory under the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to test the significant difference between three farming systems (i.e. treatments) for water and soil quality parameters. Correlation analysis was done to determine the positive or negative relationships between water quality, and soil quality parameters of the farms. Statistical tests were performed using computer based statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 16.5.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 153–160, 2015 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study, it could be argued that the optimum level of water and soil quality parameters play a vital role for better production of shrimp and prawn. Bangladesh earns lot of foreign currency annually exporting of frozen seafood products. However, this sector has been highly criticized by the importing countries. This is mainly because of the lack of adequate knowledge of farmers about shrimp and prawn farming particularly about water quality parameters. Farmers often use different types of chemical and drugs in their farms to improve water and soil quality parameters however, they need proper training and skills to assess soil and water quality parameters towards adopting best aquaculture practices and producing healthy seafood.

Knowledge Management: Journal