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Residual and Grain Protection Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Flour Beetle, (tribolium Castaneum) Herbst

M. S. A. Mamun
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute Srimangal, Moulvibazar

M. Shahjahan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Masum Ahmad
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the residual and grain protection effect of six botanicals, Bazna (Zanthoxylum rhetsa), Ghora-neem (Melia sempervirens), Hijal (Barringtonia acutangula), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Mahogoni (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). Leaf and seed extracts were prepared by using acetone, methanol and water solvents. The result showed that extracts of all the six plants had residual and grain protection effect on red flour beetle. Residual effect of Neem was higher than that of other plant extracts. Extracts of all the six plants showed residual effect up to 21 days after treatment (DAT) though the effect was lost gradually with the increase of duration. Among the solvents, water extract showed more effective than other extracts. Seed extracts of respective plants were slightly more persistent than leaf extract. Among the test plants, Neem extracts showed the highest grain protection effect, whereas Hijal extract possessed the lowest grain protection effect. Among the solvents, acetone extract showed more grain protection effect than other extracts. Seed extracts of respective plants were slightly more grain protection effect than leaf extract. Extracts of all the six plants showed grain protection effect up to 30 DAT, though the effect of different plant extracts lost gradually with the increase of duration. The grain protection effect of all the plants is nearly similar.

Keywords: Plant extracts, Residual effect, Grain protection, Red flour beetle.

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2004

End Date: 00-03-2005

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To study the residual and grain protection effect of some indigenous plant extracts in managing red flour beetle.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted to evaluate some indigenous plants extracts against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst.) in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July 2004 to March 2005. The test insect species was collected from food godown of Mymensingh town and were maintained on sterilized wheat grains in rectangular jars (9.5 cm X 7.5 cm) in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh at 27 to 30°C temperature and 70-75% relative humidity. Fresh leaves and seeds of Bazna, Ghora-Neem, Hijal, Karanja, Mahogoni and Neem were collected from the surrounding of BAU campus. Afterwards, they were washed in running water, air dried and finally dried in oven at 60°C to gain constant weight. Dusts were prepared by pulverizing the dried leaves and seeds with the help of a grinder. Then the dusts were passed through a 25-mesh diameter sieve to obtain fine and uniform dust. Ten gram of each category dust was mixed separately with 100 ml of different solvents (acetone, methanol and distilled water), stirred at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes and left to stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtrated materials were condensed to 10 ml by evaporation of solvent in a water bath at 45°C, 55°C and 80°C temperature for acetone, methanol and water extracts, respectively. Different concentrations of plant extracts were prepared by dissolving this stock solution in the respective solvent prior to residual as well as grain protection efficacy test. Residual toxicity effect was evaluated by observing mortality of insects released in petridishes containing treated wheat grain at 3 intervals i.e. 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment (DAT) (Mishra et al. 1992). Wheat seed (10g) was treated with different extracts at the concentrations of 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5%. For control, the foods were treated with respective solvent only. The petridishes were arranged in the laboratory desk following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Five pairs of newly emerged adult beetles from laboratory culture were released in each petridish and the mortality of insects was recorded at 3 days after releasing insects. Different leaf and seed extracts were mixed with wheat seed (250g) properly at the lethal dose i.e. LC₅₀ in earthen pots. The earthen-pots were arranged in the laboratory desk following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) without any cover in natural conditions with three replications. Control group was maintained in the same manner but without any extract application. Then the numbers of insects in each earthen pot was counted at 5 days interval up to 30 days. The ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) of the laboratory were also recorded during the entire period of this study. The experimental data were statistically analysed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The mean values were adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Duncan, 1951).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 12(2): 141–145 (2008), ISSN 1029-8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It has been observed from the result that the botanicals used had grain protection and residual toxic effects against red flour beetle. From the present experiment it is concluded that Neem extracts performed the best and seed extract is more effective than leaf extract. Among the solvents used acetone extract performed excellent followed by methanol and water extracts. In case of residual toxicity test, water extract was the most effective. Neem is available throughout the country and the farmers may use this plant in their storage structure for the management of stored grain pests.

Knowledge Management: Journal