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Effect of Different Storage Containers on Chickpea Seed Infestation by the Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis (l.)

M. A. Hossain
Department of Entomology Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Haque
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January to September 2008 to evaluate different storage containers to protect chickpea seed from the infestation of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). Eight types of storage containers i.e. galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, plain dole, polythene lined dole, plain jute sack, polythene lined jute sack and plastic containers were used. Among the treatments galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, polythene lined dole, polythene lined jute sack and plastic container did not permit any infestation of C. chinensis after 9 months of storage. Rest of the containers such as plain dole and plain jute sack had higher oviposition, infestation, weight loss and lower germination during storage period. Among the containers, galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, polythene lined dole, polythene lined jute sack and plastic containers may be recommended to use household farmers and traders for the safe storage of chickpea seed against the attack of pulse beetle.

Keywords: Containers, Storage period, Pulse beetle, chickpea

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-09-2008

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To find out the most suitable traditional and improvised containers for the protection of chickpea seed against the attack of C. chinensis in storage without affecting the viability.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January to September 2008. Eight types of containers viz. galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, plain dole, polythene lined dole, plain jute sack, polythene lined jute sack and plastic containers were evaluated in this study. Chickpea seeds were thoroughly cleaned and sun dried to maintain 8 to 10% moisture level. Three kg of seeds was separately taken in each type of container and the mouth was closed. The containers were then placed in the laboratory in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were recorded at each three months interval up to 9 months of storage. The data were collected by using the following procedures: Fifty gram of chickpea seed were collected from the top, middle and bottom portion of each container and mixed them properly. From this sample, 100 seeds were examined carefully with the help of a 10x magnifying glass and the number of seeds along with eggs (egg bearing seeds) and the number of eggs deposited on each 100 seeds were counted. Again, 100 seeds were taken randomly from the sample and examined carefully, and bored and unbored seeds were separated, cleaned, counted and weighed. The number of adult emergence was recorded by direct count from the bored seed. Percent seed infestation and weight loss were computed .For the determination of germination percentage in each sample, 300 seeds were collected from each container at randomly from the top, middle and bottom portion and from them 100 seeds were placed in petridish having water soaked blotting paper at its bottom. The petridishes were placed in the laboratory under room temperature. After incubation, the germinated seeds were counted and worked out the percent seed germination.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 12(2): 187–191 (2008), ISSN 1029-8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Eight storage containers viz. galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, plain dole, polythene lined dole, plain jute sack, polythene lined jute sack and plastic containers were used for the evaluation of protection of chickpea seeds against the attack of C. chinensis in the laboratory. Data on the number of eggs laid, eggs bearing seeds, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss were recorded at every 3 months of storage and found the populations build up and seed infestation gradually increased with storage time. Highest number of eggs were found in plain jute sack (19.7) at 3 months of storage. After 9 months of storage mean number of eggs were observed in plain dole (95.0) and plain jute sack (99.0). The mean number of eggs bearing seeds per 100 seeds were observed in plain dole (10.3, 30.7, 80.6,) and plain jute sack (15.7, 33.3, 85.3), respectively after 3, 6 and 9 months of storage. The mean number of emerged beetles were found highest in plain jute sack (18.0) after 3 months of storage. After 9 months of storage the mean number of emerged adults were found in plain dole and plain jute sack, respectively 91.7 and 95.0. The percent seed infestation was also recorded highest 18.3% at 3 months of storage in plain jute sack. The seeds of stored chickpea infested in plain dole were (85%) and plain jute sack (95.3%) at 9 months of storage. Similar trend of weight loss were observed in case of plain jute sack and plain dole. After 9 months of storage, plain jute sack had the highest weight loss of 8.1% followed by plain dole 6.4 %. Among the containers, no eggs deposition, eggs bearing seeds, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss were found in galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, polythene lined dole, polythene lined jute sack and plastic containers during 9 months of storage. . It is indicated from all the treatments throughout the storage period that galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, polythene line jute sack, polythene line dole and plastic containers proved the best protector of pulse seeds against the attack of pulse beetle. Because these containers were kept the seed in air tight condition. As a result the insect could not be entered into the containers and the seeds were kept free from insect infestation in stored condition. On the other hand, rest of the containers namely plain dole, and plain jute sack were found very susceptible to pulse beetle. The highest rate of adult emergence, weight loss, and infestation were noticed in stored seeds kept in plain jute sack which might be due to the containers was highly porous which allowed the pulse beetle to enter into the containers easily. The results on seed germination also indicated that all containers were very effective in keeping the viability of chickpea seeds (80.3 to 85.3%) except plain dole and plain jute sack for a period of 9 months of storage. Therefore, it could be concluded plain jute sack and plain dole should be avoided for chickpea seed storage purpose and air tight storage structure like galvanized tin drum, kerosene tin, plain motka, polythene line dole and polythene line jute sack should be considered for safe storage of pulse seeds especially for small scale seed storage.

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