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Prevalence of Sub-clinical Mastitis in High Yielding Crossbred and Indigenous Cows Under the Peri-urban Dairying System of Mymensingh District

N. U. Siddiquee
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Tusher Kanti Tripura
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out on 78 smallholder dairy farms in Badekolpa, Nijkolpa Salakandi, Fakira kandi, Battala and Kewatkhali villages under two Seed Bull Production Societies, Under the project of “Production of HYV vis-à-vis Indigenous Seed Bulls to Support Smallholder Dairying in Bangladesh”at peri urban area of Mymensingh sadar upazila for a period from April 2011 to May, 2012. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows. 158 registered cows were tested with DRAMINSKI machine. Out of one hundred fifty eight cows eighty seven cows were found positive. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows was 55%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was highest in cows ageing above 7 years (84.4%) and lowest in cows up to 5 years of age (18.2).The highest mastitis occurred in 75% Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred genotype (54.8%) cows and lowest in 62.5% HF crossbred genotype (41.7%). Prevalence of SCM was 46.2% in cows yielding up to 15 kg milk daily and 73.7% in cows giving More than 15 kg milk yield per day which was significantly (P< 0.05) different between the said groups of cows. The prevalence of SCM in cows at more than 3^rd parity was found (74.4%) significantly (P<0.001) higher than cows below 3^rd parity (46.2 %). Quarter-wise prevalence of SCM was 13.08% in Left Front, 9.74 % in Left Hind, 10.26 % in Right Front, and 7.94 % in Right Hind quarters. The prevalence of SCM among the quarters did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Draminiski machine may be an alternative way of screening SCM in dairy cows.

Keywords: Sub-clinical mastitis , Genotype, Peri-urban dairying. Draminiski machine, Holstein Friesian

Location: Artificial Insemination Centre, BAU, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-04-2011

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To find out the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in in high yielding crossbred cows under the peri-urban dairying system of Mymensingh district.

Methodology:

The subclinical mastitis (SCM) causes great economical loss in dairy farms due to reduction in milk production. The present study was conducted in crossbred dairy cattle in peri-urban dairy production system within seven kilometers around the Artificial Insemination Centre, BAU, Mymensingh. The data of the present study were collected from an on-going project titled “Production of HYV vis-à-vis Indigenous Seed Bulls to Support Smallholder Dairying in Bangladesh”. The study was carried out at Badekolpa, Nijkolpa , Salakandi, Fakirakandi and Kewatkhali villages into two Seed Bull Production Societies of the said project area for a perid from April, 2011 to May, 2012. All registered cows were selected to detect mastitis with DRAMINISKI machine and selected lactating cows’ parity were 1 to 6+ at different lactation stages and different level of milk production.A total of 158 registered cows from 78 farmers’ herd of the said area were ear tagged to identify them individually. A cross-sectional study was carried out in-depth interview by using a pretested questionnaire to collect cow and farm level data. The animal level variables were age, parity, milk yield, genotype and history of previous clinical mastitis etc. Data were collected by interviewing the owners as well as examining the cows with DRAMINISKI machine which was used to detect mastitis in the farm. Cows with signs of clinical mastitis were excluded from the study.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1&2): ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print) 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was carried out on 78 smallholder dairy farms from project area. A total 632 quarter milk samples from 158 lactating cows were examined by DRAMINISKI machine, of which an overall prevalence of SCM in lactating cows was 55%. Findings of the present study are in agreement with earlier findings of Kader et al. (2002) who reported 46.6% SCM in cows in Bangladesh. Rahman et al. (2009) reported 19.9% and 44.8% prevalence of bovine SCM in dry and wet seasons, in respectively Sirajgonj district. These findings also agree with previous result of Rahman et al. (2010) reported the prevalence of SCM was 43.3% at Sylhet Govt. dairy farm and 53.1% in local dairy farms, respectively in Sylhet district. These variations of prevalence rates of SCM might be due to difference of breed, management systems and test used for screening of milk samples. All lactating cows were HF cross and the result was slightly higher of others study. The highest prevalence of SCM observed in this study was 51.3% in cow’s age above 8 years and 47.1% up to age 5 years. The results agree with Neelesh et al. (2012) who reported highest prevalence of SCM in lactating cows with advancement of age by the fact that the teat canal in older animals is more dilated or it remains partially open permanently due to years of repeated milking (Madut et al., 2009). This encourages the introduction of environmental and skin-associated microorganisms into the teat canal, leading to SCM in cows (Karimuribo et al., 2008). The prevalence of SCM was highest (38.6%) in older cows (>10 years old) compared to young cows (23.6%) (Biffa et al., 2005). The prevalence of SCM in cows highest (73.7%) in cows having more than >15 liter of milk production and 46.2% when less than < 15 kg production of milk which is consistent with the report of Islam et al. (2011) who reported increased prevalence of SCM (42.85%) with the increased milk production which was less from this study. They did not show the milk yield of cows. The highest prevalence of SCM was observed at 75% HF cross cows (58.4%) and lowest at 62.5% HF cross (41.7%). Altho statistically insignificant,increasing trend of SCM was noted with the increased percentage of genotype. The reported prevalence of SCM varied from 15.8% to 53.1% in crossbred cows in Bangladesh (Rabbani & Samad, 2010; Prodhan et al., 1996; Rahman et al., 2009; Rahman et al., 2010). Biffa et al. (2005) reported that Holstein-Fresian cows are affected at a higher rate (56.5%) compared to local zebu (30.9%) and Jersey cows (28.9%). Sharma and Maiti (2010) also found that Holstein-Jersey crossbred cows are at higher risk (94.54%) for mastitis than local zebu cows (31.25%). These differences between breeds may be due to immune response to IMI differs between breeds. In this study up to 3 parities 46.2% cows were affected and more than 3 parities 74.3% cows were affected by Subclinical mastitis ( SCM) which was highly significant (p<0.001).The prevalence of SCM in lactating cows increases with the age (Sharma et al., 2007; Sharma and Maiti,(2010). Sharma et al. (2007) reported that the higher prevalence of SCM in cows was 5 to 9 years old and in 3rd and 4th parities which were very similar of this study. Quarter-wise prevalence of SCM was 13.08% in Left Front, 9.74 % in Left Hind, 10.26 % in Right Front, and 7.94 % in Right Hind quarters. In this study we found hind quarter is less affected than front quarter and it is differ to others study. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded in left hind quarter (33.1%) compared to those of other quarters, which are in agreement with Sudhan et al. (2005) who reported that the hind quarter was the most affected quarter. Sharma et al. (2007) also reported that single and hind quarter involvement was maximum in case of SCM. This could be explained by the fact that the hind quarters are more exposed to dung and urine (Chakrabarti, 2007). The efficacy of IMIs in lactating cows was 78% by intra mammary infusion tube (Neomastipra-JR5^®) in this study. The efficacy of intra mammary infusion with penicillin G or penethamate has been shown similar result (McDougall et al. 2007). In this study, the efficacy of IMIs in lactating cows have shown better due to the proper infusion of IMM tube at every 12 hours interval on affected quarter and maintain udder hygienic environment. The combinations of penicillin and aminoglycosides have shown a better efficacy for SCM in cows (Taponen et al., 2002). Owens and Nickerson (2001) showed similar result with Cephapirin benzathine, penicillin-streptomycin, penicillin-novobiocin and tilmicosin infused intramammary infection in lactating cows for SCM. The Intramammary (IMM) antibiotic infusion for treating intra-mammary infections (IMIs) in SCM affected cows during lactation period is very important and it is an effective treatment for eliminating many infections and reducing the prevalence of SCM in lactating cows (Oliver et al., 2004). A limited number of antimicrobial drugs are used for IMM treatment of SCM in cows. Mastitis is a multi etiological complex disease. The cow udder is an ideal environment for microbial growth and under optimum udder conditions, such as temperature, nutrition and freedom from outside influence, pathogenic organisms multiply astronomically and it is this factor that causes udder damage and triggers the response that is recognized as mastitis (Sharma and Vohra, 2011) Subclinical Mastitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in west central region of Iran Kheirabadi et al. (2008). E. coli and CNS are more frequent cause of bovine mastitis Ibrahim (2007). This research work will help to the Bangladeshi small and medium input farmers to easily choose appropriate crossbred cow for milk production at their present economic condition. Further studies are required to identify the causal agent of SCM in cows and dry cow therapy; this would help to control of SCM in lactating cows in the farmers herd.

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