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Seeding and Weeding Options on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wet Season Rice

B. Karmakar
Regional Station, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Rajshahi

M. A. Ali
Farm Machinery and Post Harvest Technology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

AKM Saiful Islam
Farm Machinery and Post Harvest Technology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

M. R. Bhuiyan
Farm Machinery and Post Harvest Technology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

M. M. Hossain
Farm Machinery and Post Harvest Technology Division, BRRI, Gazipur

M. A. Mazid
Hub Manager
Dinajpur, Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different seeding and weeding options to control weed and the effect on yield of modern aman rice. BRRI dhan39 was direct seeded using Chinese Hand Tractor (CHT) seeder, BRRI seed drill, BRRI Lithao, Animal drawn seeder, Bed planting Hat langol and Hand broadcasting. Weeding options were Hand weeding (HW) at 20, 40 and 60 days after seeding (DAS), BRRI weeder operated at 20 and 40 DAS followed by 1 HW and Herbicide (Oxadiazon applied at 3 DAS @ 1.5 L/ha) + I HW at 45 DAS. Weed dry matter was significantly the highest (47.0 g/m²) in hand weeding treatments followed by BRRI weeder + I HW (27.E g/m²) and the lowest (20.0 g/m²) in Oxadiazon (Ronstar 25 EC) +1 HW plots. Panicles per square meter were the highest (340) in Hand broadcasting but panicle length was lower due non-uniform plant population and crop growth. This indicated that herbicide Oxadiazon was very much efficient to control weed in direct seeding rice compared to other methods. Irrespective of weed control options, the highest grain yield was obtained in BRRI Lithao (3.82 t/ha) that was at par with CHT seeder (3.60 t/ha) and Bed planting (3.52 t/ha). The lowest grain yield (2.88 t/ha) was obtained in Hand broadcasting followed by Animal drawn seeder (3.20 t/ha). Considering time and labor productivity, CHT seeder was more efficient for direct seeding of rice.

Keywords: Seeder, Weeder, Herbicide, Direct seeded rice, Yield.

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi

Start Date: 01-07-2003

End Date: 30-11-2003

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Performance evaluation

Objectives:

To evaluate the performance of different seeding machinery and to find out better weed management options for direct seeded aman rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi during July to November 2003. The experimental field was in High Gangetic River Floodplain under AEZ 11 having silty loam soil with pH 7.7, organic matter content 1.3%,total Nitrogen 0.07 %, Olsen Phosphorus l5.1 mg/g soil, exchangeable Potassium 0.26 me/100 g soil, Sulphur 25.1 mg/g soil and Zinc 2.12 mg/g soil. The treatments were consisted of seven seeding and three weeding options. The seeding treatments were; T₁= seding by Chinese Hand Tractro (CHT) seeder, T₂ = Seeding by BRRI Seed drill, T₃ = seeding by BRRI Lithao, T₄ = seeding by Animal drawn seeder, T₅ = seeding by Bed planter, T₆ = Line sowing by Hat Langol and T₇ = Hand broadcasting. The weeding treatments were W₁ = Hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 days afer seeding (DAS), W₂ = mechanical weeding with BRRI weeder at 20 and 40 DAS followed by 1 HW and W₃ + Chemical control with Oxadiazon (Ronstar 25 EC @ 1.5 L/ha at 3 DAS) + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. The experiment ws laid out in Split plot design with three replications where seeding treatments were in main plots and weeding treatments were in sub plots. A high yielding short duration (122 days) aman variety BRR(I dhan39 was used in the experiment. Seeds were sown by different seeding tools as per treatment on 27 June 2003 @ 60 kg/ha for all seeding options and 80 kg for hand broadcasting. The unit plot size was 10 m x 5 m. Fertilizers as urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum and zinc sulfate were applied at the rate of 150, 100 75, 60 and 7.5 kg/ha, respectively. TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulfate were applied as basal before final land preparation. The herbicide Ronstar 25 EC was applied 3 DAS. Urea was top dressed at 20 40 and 60 dAS in three equal splits. In hand weeding plots, the weeds were controlled three times just after urea top-dressing. BRRI weeer operated at 20 dAS. One hand weeding was done at 45 DAS in BRRI weeder and Ronstar applied plots. Weed density was recorded with the help of a quadrant (1m x 1m _ placed randomly at three spots in each plot. Weeds from each treatment were cut at ground lever, washed in water, sun dried, subsequently dried at 80^oC for 72 hours in oven and then weighed. Grain yield data were recorded from 6-m² area at the center of each plot and expressed in tons/ha at 14 % moisture content. Yield components data, were recorded from harvest IRRISTAT and mean varues were separated following the Duncan's Multiple Range Test. aryzed by Range Test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Weed Sci. 2 (l & 2): 33-19, December 2011 ISSN 2078 - l30x

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Direct seeding rice has enormous prospect in water scarce situation where initial crop establishment is a challenge for attaining optimum yield through traditional transplanting. Machinery used in this experiment had some constraints in seed delivery, seed covering and operation. CHT seeder and BRRI Lithao performed better, however the machinery needs further improvement and development. Herbicide (oxadiazon) application along with one hand weeding was effectively controlled weed in direct seeded rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal