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Heterosis and Combining Ability of Cimmyt’s Tropical × Subtropical Quality Protein Maize Germplasm

Dr. MohammedAmiruzzaman
Pricipal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division BARI, Gazipur

M. Amirul Islam
Professor
Bangladesh Agricultural University

K.V. Pixley
Director
Ex-Associate Director, CIMMYT, Mexico

Dr. Md. Motiar Rohman
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Combining ability and heterosis was studied in 7 × 7 diallel cross in quality protein maize for kernel yield plantG1, number of kernels earG1, 1000-kernel weight, lysine and tryptophan. Variance due to GCA and SCA were highly significant, indicating both additive and non-additive types of gene action are important for controlling the traits. Predominance of non-additive gene action was observed for all the quantitative and qualitative traits. Standard heterosis ranged from -14.26 to 6.35% for kernel yield and other two yield components from -26.77 to 7.21% and -16.71 to 1.53% for kernel number and weight, respectively. Fot quality traits, heterosis varied from -7.34 to 15.60% and -8.77 to 14.47% for lysine and tryptophan content. Average heterosis for yield and other two components were negative value, but it showed positive values for both the quality traits. In general kernel yield decreased when quality of the crosses increases and vice versa.. Parent P was the best combiner for kernel yield coupled with both the yield component kernel number and weight. For 1quality traits, P was the best combiner showing significant positive gca effect both for lysine and tryptophan. 5 The parent P was also a good combiner for kernel yield and quality trait lysine. Additive × additive, additive 2 × dominance and dominance × dominance gene interactions were involved in deriving good specific crosses for different traits. The cross combinations P × P and P × P simultaneously possessed significant desirable 2 4 3 5 sca effects and high heterosis both for kernel yield, yield components and quality traits might be used for obtaining high yielding quality hybrids.

Keywords: General combining ability % Hybrid vigor % Maize breeding % Yield

Location: BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To asses the gene action for quantitative and qualitative traits and to explore heterotic hybrid combinations.

Methodology:

Seven CIMMYT’s tropical and subtropical quality protein maize (QPM) inbreds viz. CML 161, CML 171, CML 172, CML 192, CML 193, CML 170 and CML 165 originated from different source populations designated as P , P , P , P , P , P and P were crossed in a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) in the kharif (rainy) season of 2006 at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. In the following rabi (winter) season of 2007 all the hybrids, their respective parents along with a commercial QPM check BARI hybrid maize 5 (BHM 5) were grown in the samefarm following alpha lattice design [6] with three replications. Each plot comprised two rows of 5 m long. Row to row and plant to plant spacing was 75 cm and 20 cm, respectively. One healthy seedling per hill was kept after proper thinning at two weeks after germination. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 120, 120, 40 and 5 kg/ha of N, P O , K O, S and Zn, respectively. Two border rows 2 5 2 were used at each end of the replications to minimize border effect. Ten randomly selected competitive plants (5 from each row in a plot of each genotype in each replication) excluding any plant surrounding by a missinghill and border plants were used for recording observation on kernel yield plantG1, number of kernels earG1 and 1000-kernel weight (g). Quality parameterslysine and tryptophan were estimated from F kernels 2 taken from middle of the selfed ears of each hybrid and check variety. Standard heterosis was estimated (against check variety) and tested according to Singh and singh [7]. Combining ability analysis was carried out following Model I Method 2 described by Griffing [8] using CropStat [9] software programme. Tryptophan and lysine was estimated following AOAC [10] and Joslyn [11].

Source of Information: International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 3 (3): 76-81, 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. United States Agency for International Development

Budget: Two lacs only

Total Budget (Tk.) : Two lacs only

Achievement/Findings:

The parental lines P P and P would be the ideal lines as donor to obtain high yield as well as good quality. The QPM cross P × P and P × P simultaneously possessing high sca effects and high heterosis for yield along with high quality could be used for commercial variety after verifying the performances.

Knowledge Management: Journal