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Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield and Component Characters in Maize

Dr. Mohammed Amiruzzaman
Pricipal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur

Dr. M. Amirul Islam
Professor
Bangladesh Agricultural University

Dr. Lutful Hasan
Professor
Bangladesh Agricultural University

Dr. Md. Motiar Rohman
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Abstract: Heterosis and the nature and combining ability was studied in 7 × 7 diallel cross in maize for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The significant estimates of GCA and SCA variances suggested the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression studied traits. Preponnderance of additive gene action was noticed for ear diameter and 1000-kernel weight and the other characters were preponderantly controlled by non-additive type of gene action. Standard heterosis ranged from -17.60 to 9.71%; -20.41 to 8.04%; -13.89 to 7.54% and -6.17 to 14.48% for yield per plant, number of kernels per ear, length of ear, ear diameter and 1000-kernel weight, respectively. Kernel weight showed maximum heterotic contribution to high yield. The parent Q was the best general combiner showing significant positive GCA effect for grain yield 7 and all the yield components and also simultaneously possessed high mean values indicating that per se performance of the parent could prove as an useful index for combining ability. Parents Q Q and Q were found suitable for higher number of kernels and Q and Q were desirable for bold kernels. The cross 1 7 combinations those exhibited significant sca effects for yield involved average × average and average × high GCA parents. Crosses Q × Q , Q × Q , Q × Q and Q × Q possessed significant high sca effects as well as high heterosis for yield could be used in hybrid development.

Keywords: Combining ability, Heterosis, Maize, Plant breeding

Location: BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2005

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action and to explore suitable heterotic hybrid combinations.

Methodology:

Seven inbred lines of maize namely CML 487 (Q ), Ki 32 (Q ), CLG 1837 (Q ), Ki 42 (Q ), Tzi 24 (Q ), CML 480 (Q ) and CML 223 (Q ) were crossed in a 7 × 7 diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to obtain 21 F1 hybrids in the kharif II (rainy) season of 2005-06 with polyethele sheed at the research farm ofBangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur. In the following rabi (winter) season 2006-07, all the hybrids along with respectiveparents and a commercial hybrid check variety, Pacific 11 were grown at the same farm following alpha lattice design [7] with three replications.Each plot comprised of 2 rows of 5 m long. Spacing adopted was 75 × 20 cm between rows and hills, respectively. One healthy seedling per hill was kept after proper thinning at two weeks after germination. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 120, 120, 40 and 5 kg/ha of N, P O , 2 5 K O, S and Zn, respectively. Standard agronomic practices were followed and plant protection measures were taken when required to ensure normal growth and development of the plants. Ten randomly chosen competitive plants (5 from each row in a plot of each genotype in each replication) excluding any plant surrounding by a missing hill and border plants were used for recoding observations on kernel yield per plant (g), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), number of kernels per ear and 1000-kernel weight (g). Standard heteross (against the standard check hybrid variety) was estimated and tested according to Singh and Singh [8]. Combining ability analysis was carried out following Model I and Method 2 described by Griffing [9] using CropStat [10] software programme. The mean squares for GCA and SCA were tested against their respective error variances derived from ANOVA reduced to mean level.

Source of Information: Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 3 (2): 79-84, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. United States Agency for International Development

Budget: Fifty thousand taka

Total Budget (Tk.) : Fifty thousand taka

Achievement/Findings:

Parents having good combining ability for yield (Q7 ); higher number of kernels per ear (Q1, Q4 Q5, and Q7 ) and bold kernels (Q1, Q2 and Q7 ) could be used as donor for obtaining high yield and desirable traits. The cross combination Q1 × Q7, Q2 × Q2 ,Q4 × Q6 and Q6 × Q7 manifested significant high SCA effects coupled with excellent heterosis and per se performance could effectively be exploited in hybrid breeding programme in maize.

Knowledge Management: Journal