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Yield of Three Newly Developed Mustard Varieties as Affected by Irrigation at Different Growth Stages

Monira Khatun
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Mymensingh-2202;

Partha Biswas
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Faridpur Hub, Faridpur

Md. Moudud Hasan
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Dinajpur-5200

Nazmun Nahar Karim
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MG Mostofa Amin
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Mymensingh-2202;

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Efficient use of water is essential for sustainable crop production and achieving food security especially where water is a scarce resource. A study was conducted at a farmer’s field near Rahmatpur, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during November 2012– February 2013 to study the effect of irrigatio n on the yield and yield attributes of three newly developed mustard varieties, namely Binasarisha-7 (Brassica juncea L), Binasarisha-8 (Brassica juncea L), and Binasarisha-4 (Brassica napus L). The experimental soil was silty clay with a bulk density of 1.43 g cm^-3. There were four irrigation treatments (T₁ : no irrigation; T₂ : irrigation at vegetative stage; T₃ : irrigation at flowering stage; T₄ : irrigation at vegetative and flow ering stage), each replicated three times in a split plot design. Irrigation showed significant effect on t he yield attributes of the mustard varieties. The highest yield of 1.43 t ha -1 (46% higher over control) was obtained in treatment T₄ of variety Binasarisha-7. The lowest yield of 0.63 t ha^-1 was obtained in treatment T₁ (control) of variety Binasarisha-4. For producing seed yield Binasarisha-4 was the most responsive to the irrigation treatments (T₂ –T₄ ). In contrast, the yield differences among the stage- wise irrigation treatments (T₂ –T₄ ) were not statistically significant for Binasarisha-8. The highest water use efficiency of 0.48 t ha^-1cm^-1 was obtained in treatment T₁ and the lowest of 0.28 t ha^-1 cm^-1 was in treatment T₄ . For cultivation of the mustard varieties Binasarisha-4, Binasarisha-7 and Binasarisha-8 in this type of climate, irrigati on at vegetative and flowering stage may be recommended to produce higher yield.

Keywords: Mustard variety Irrigation Growth stage Oil-seed

Location: The experiment was conducted at a farmer’s fiel d near Rahmatpur, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-02-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To investigate the impacts of irrigation at different growth st ages on yield and yield attributes of the three varieties of mustard.

Methodology:

The soil of the experimental land was first opened with a power tiller and kept expo sed to the sun. Later, it was prepared by several ploughing followed by laddering. The weeds and debris were removed from the land. After final land preparation, the plot s were demarcated and levees were made around the individual plots to retain irrigation water. The buffer zones were made to prevent the effect of seepage of water between the adjacent plots. Doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron fertilizer for mustard cultivation were 66.7, 41.7, 37.5, 33.3, 3.3 and 3.3 kg ha^-1, respectively as recommended by BARC. The experimental field was laid out in split-plot with four irrigation treatments in main plots and varieties in sub-plots and each treatment having three replications. The 6 m × 4 m layout experimental units or plots were separated from each other by 70 cm wide buffer zone to prevent seepage between nearby plots . Similarly, the replication blocks were sepa rated from each other by 30 cm wide buffer zone. Irrigation water was made available to the experimental plots by using hose pipe provided in the buffer zone between two replicate blocks. Irrigation scheduling is defined as when to irrigate and how much water to irrigate. There are different approaches of irrigation scheduling on the basis of grow th stage, permissible soil water depletion and measured pan evaporation. In this st udy, irrigation water was applied to the crop on the basis of growth stages. The four irrigation treatments were as follows: control (T₁), irrigation at the vegetative stage (25–30 days after sowing (DAS) up to field capacity (T₂ ), irrigation at the flowering stage (45–50 DAS) up to field capacity (T₃), irrigation at the vegetative (25–30 DAS) and flowering stage (45–50 DAS) up to field capacity (T₄ ). Three varieties of mustard selected for the study were as follows: Binasarisha-7 (Brassica juncea L) (V₁), Binasarisha-8 ( Brassica juncea L) (V₂) and Binasarisha-4 (Brassica napus L) (V₃). The mustard seeds were sown by line on 03 November, 2012. The seed rate was 7 kg ha^-1 . After line sowing the seeds, laddering was done to cover the seeds with loose soils. A calendar of various operations done during the experiment and starting time of different growth stages were recorded. Several weeds grew in the experimental plots that were uprooted manually. Weeding was done after 20 DAS. Irrigation water was applied as per schedule of the irrigation treatments. Two important growth stages of mustard were identified for irrigation as predefined by experimental treatments. Crop was harvested on 25 February, 2013 at the time of 70% maturity. Harvesting was done carefully to avoid field losses

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish., ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325, Vol. 2, No. 2, August 2015: 13-22

Article Link (Online Journal): http://agroaid-bd.org/ralf/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/08/2.-Moudud.pdf

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the yield attributes of mustard were significantly influenc ed by the irrigation treatments and varieties. The highest seed yield of mustard was obtained under the combination of irrigation at vegetative and flowering stage and Binasarisha-4, and the lowest seed yield was obtained when irrigation was not applied for the same variety. On an average for all the irrigation treatments Binasarisha-7 pr oduced the highest yield. Two-irrigation treatment (irrigation at vegetative and fl owering stage) gave the highest yield. Although the soil water content at different layers fluctuated considerably, the root-zone-averaged water content as simulated by the model was sufficient for crop growth. The highest water use efficiency for seed production was obtained under no-irrigation and the lowest water use efficiency was in two-irrigation treatment.

Knowledge Management: Journal