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Parasitic Diseases and Estimation of Loss Due to Infestation of Parasites in Indian Major Carp Culture Ponds in Bangladesh

Md. Shirajum Monir
Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh.

Shuvho Chakra Borty
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

Anuradha Bhadra
Head Quarter Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Ashaf-Ud-Doulah
Head Quarter Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh.

Shafiqur Rahman
Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

Nazneen Bagum
Freshwater Station Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was conducted to determine the parasitic diseases and loss due to infestation of parasites in three Indian major carp (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala) from three districts of Bangladesh namely Mymensingh, Sylhet and Rajshahi during the period from July 2012 to June 2013. A total of nine ectoparasite species and three endoparasite species were identified from the examined carp fish. The highest prevalence of infection (94.54%) was recorded in the host of L. rohita in winter and lowest (72.68%) in C. catla in summer. The highest abundance and mean density also in L. rohita was 14.38 and 12.64, respectively. But the lowest abundance and mean density was 14.38 and 12.64, respectively in C. catla. In the present study, the total economic loss was found BDT 35,552.50 ha-1 yr^-1due to parasitic diseases. However, overall loss due to parasitic diseases was found 11% for mortality, 11% for chemicals cost and 65% for reduction of growth of carps in the study areas.

Keywords: Parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Indian major carp, Economic loss

Location: Mymensingh, Sylhet and Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-07-2012

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To investigate the prevalence, abundance and mean density of parasites infestation as well as estimate loss due to parasitic diseases in cultured Indian major carp fishes.

Methodology:

Host fishes selection: Specimens of Indian major carp Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) were collected every month at regular intervals directly from different carp cultured ponds in Mymensingh, Sylhet and Rajshahi districts, Bangladesh. Approximately 675 carps were examined during the study period from July 2012 to June 2013. Survey and collection of specimen: Live host or freshly dead carp fishes were randomly collected and examined immediately after collection. The length and body weight of the fishes and date and site of collection of host specimens were also recorded. Collection, fixation and cleaning of parasites: External symptoms and health conditions of each examined specimen were recorded. The scales, gills, fins and operculum were removed and placed on separate petri-dishes containing filtered water and examined by a magnifying glass to find out ectoparasites. The gills were carefully separating to dislodge the live monogeneans and usually placed under a microscope for gross observation. To collect the endoparasites, the fishes were dissected and internal organs were examined. Then the internal organ like stomach, liver, intestine were separatedand put into physiological saline solution (0.7% NaCl Solution) in a petri-dish. Each organ was then examined separately, stomach, intestine were split open and were shaken in a tube to dislodge the parasites remaining attached to the epithelial lining. Then the collected parasites were carefully preserved individual vials in 70% alcohol with a few drops of glycerine for 24 h. Mostly the parasites were fixed in 2 ml of Formalin Acetic Alcohol (FAA) solution and heated on spirit lamp at 70-75^oC. Parasites were removed from FAA solution and carefully washed with 70% alcohol and temporarily mounted in Canada balsam on slides, and finally examined under a compound microscope (BX51, Olympus, Japan) and identified. The prevalence, abundance and mean density of parasites were estimated. Estimation of loss due to parasitic diseases in carps: cultured ponds The loss due to parasitic diseases was calculated to consider the fish mortality occurred, expected loss in growth of fish in terms of the total biomass production and expenditure towards drugs/chemicals applied for prevention and control of parasites diseases. The loss was estimated : Total loss = {(Loss due to reduction in growth + Loss due to mortality) X Rate per kg} + Cost of treatment where, loss due to reduction in growth (in kg) = average growth/day X number of fish affected X total period of infestation from all the outbreaks in a year (in days) and loss due to mortality (in kg) = average weight of fish X mortality (in number) Due to parasite diseases, the growth of fishes almost ceases. The average loss due to reduction in growth per day was estimated according to the stocking density and average expected production of the farm per hectare per year. The loss in growth increment per day during the parasite diseases was estimated according to 1, 2 and 3 g loss in growth per day at stocking densities ranging from 12000 and above, 9000-12000 and 9000 and less number per hectare carps cultured ponds respectively. This was based on field survey, discussions with carp fish farmers, according to their own experiences, previous studies conducted as well as specific growth rate relationship there on.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2015; 2(5): 118-122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

During the study period, a total of nine ectoparasite species and four endoparasite species were identified from the examined carp fishes. The highest peak of parasite prevalence (%) was recorded in the host of L. rohita in winter while the lowest was recorded in C. catla in summer. This might be due to stocking density, temperature along with other physicochemical parameters as well as management practices maintained. However, the total economic loss due to parasite diseases has been estimated BDT 35,552.50 ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, management of these parasitic diseases should be given top priority to save the carp industry from this huge economic loss every year at farmer level.

Knowledge Management: Journal