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Competitive Ability of Wheat Cultivars Against Weeds

A. Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M. A. S. Chowdhury
Product Executive
Paragon Agro-limited, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

T. Jahan
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M. A. I. Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M. M. Akhter
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur during rabi season of 2008-09 to identify the weed species growing in association with eight selected varieties and advanced lines of wheat (Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BAWl 059 and BAWl 064) and to determine their competitive ability against the infesting weeds. Twenty two weed species belonging to II families were identified and their population density and dry weight under different varieties and lines were recorded. Among them 6 species were under the family Poaceae, 3 species each under Composite and Solanaceae, 2 species under Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae and one species each under Cyperaccae. Chenopodiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Libiatae, Rubiaceae and Caryophyllaceae. On the basis of habit, 27.27% of the weeds were grass, 68.18% shrubs and 4.55% sedge. The weeds were further classified into different categories based on their life span, habitat and nativity. Infestation of these weeds caused significant reduction in yield and various yield contributing characters of different varieties and lines tested. Based on average reduction of all parameters. the varieties and lines were ranked for their competitive ability against weeds. The variety Prodip has showed high competitive ability against weeds followed by Shatabdi, Sufi, Gourab, BAW 1064, Sourav, BAW 1059 and Bijoy. The lower competitive ability of variety Bijoy and the line BAWl 059 indicated their high susceptibility against weed infestation.

Keywords: Competitive ability, Weed flora, Wheat, Cultivars

Location: Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the relative competitive ability of modern wheat varieties and selected advanced lines against prevailing or existing weed species.

Methodology:

The study was carried out during 2008-09 in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur. The study area is situated in the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-l). The geographical position of study area is between 25°38' N and 88°41' E and at 38.20 m above sea level. The soil pH of the experimental area was 5.0-5.5 and the soil was sandy loam in texture (58.24% sand, 22% silt, 19.76% clay). The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 3 replications. Eight varieties/lines viz.; Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BAW 1059 and BAW 1064 were assigned in plots under weed free and weedy condition. Unit plot size was 2m x 4m. Seed was treated with Provax-200 WP an effective seed treating fungicide consisting of Carboxin and Thiramon. Sowing was done 04 December 2008 in lines 20 cm apart at a seed rate of 140 kg ha^-1. Recommended fertilizer doses 100-27-40-20-1 kg ha^-1 of N-P-K-S-B respectively was applied. Irrigations were applied at crown root initiation, booting and grain filling stages. Intercultural operations were done properly according to treatments. Observations on weed density were recorded using quadrate method. Frequency of different weeds was determined and density of each species was calculated. Data on different weed species were recorded at 34 and 56 DAS (Days after sowing).Weeds inside the quadrate measuring 1m x 1m were identified and counted. The species were identified with the help of 'Bangladesher Agacha Parichiti' and Major Weeds of the Philippines. The weeds were then uprooted carefully. The uprooted weeds were washed thoroughly in clean water and dried first in the sun for two days and thereafter in an electric oven for 48 hours at 80°C. The weight of the dried sample was taken and the average data were expressed as weed dry weight (gm^-2). The crop was harvested plot-wise at full maturity. The sample plants were harvested separately. Yield and yield attributes were recorded after harvesting the crop. The plots were harvested avoiding boarder effect (3m long 6 middle rows). The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately, tagged and taken to threshing floor. The bundles were thoroughly dried in bright sunshine before their weights were recorded. Data were recorded on plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (tha^-1), straw yield (tha^-1). The data were complied and subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of MSTATC computer package.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Weed Sci. 1(1): 65-72, June 2010; ISSN 2078 - 130X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wheat crop suffered from competition of at least 22 different species of weeds belonging to various families and habitat. The density and dry weight of monocot weed species were higher than dicot species at 34 DAS, while those of dicot species were higher than monocot species at 56 DAS. The crop-weed competition caused significant reduction in yield and various yield contributing characters. The reduction in yield and other attributes varied among different varieties and lines. Based on average reduction in all parameters, the variety Prodip exhibited high degree of competitive ability against weeds, which was followed by Shatabdi, Sufi, Gourab, BAW 1064, Sourav, BAW 1059 and Bijoy.

Knowledge Management: Journal